Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24389523›Full record

Trial reportMedicine and science in sports and exercise2014

Aerobic and strength training in concomitant metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Conrad P Earnest, Neil M Johannsen, Damon L Swift, Fiona B Gillison, Catherine R Mikus, Alejandro Lucia, Kimberly Kramer, Carl J Lavie, Timothy S Church

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
15.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Physical Activity and Its Impact on Cardiometabolic Disorders.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.

Conrad P Earnest1Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM; 2School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; 3Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC; 4Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; 5Universidad Europea and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, SPAIN; 6Division of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; and 7Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA.
Neil M Johannsen
Damon L Swift
Fiona B Gillison
Catherine R Mikus
Alejandro Lucia
Kimberly Kramer
Carl J Lavie
Timothy S Church
Pennington Biomedical Research Center · USDuke Medical Center · USEast Carolina University · USLouisiana State University · USResearch Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre · ESUniversity of Bath · GBUniversity of Queensland · AU

Funding

Health benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Training in individuals with DiabetesR01DK068298 · NIDDK · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI CHURCH, TIMOTHY STEPHEN · 2006 to 2009
$2.3M
NIDDK NIH HHS DK0-68298NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK068298
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeConcomitant type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome exacerbates mortality risk; yet, few studies have examined the effect of combining (AER + RES) aerobic (AER) and resistance (RES) training for individuals with T2D and metabolic syndrome.

methodsWe examined AER, RES, and AER + RES training (9 months) commensurate with physical activity guidelines in individuals with T2D (n = 262; 63% female, 44% black). Primary outcomes were change in, and prevalence of, metabolic syndrome score at follow-up (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Secondary outcomes included maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and estimated METs from time-to-exhaustion (TTE) and exercise efficiency calculated as the slope of the line between ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation, and maximal fitness. General linear models and bootstrapped Spearman correlations were used to examine changes in metabolic syndrome associated with training primary and secondary outcome variables.

resultsWe observed a significant decrease in metabolic syndrome scores (P for trend = 0.003) for AER (-0.59, 95% CI = -1.00 to -0.21) and AER + RES (-0.79, 95% CI = -1.40 to -0.35), both being significant (P ≤ 0.02) versus control (0.26, 95% CI = -0.58 to 0.40) and RES (-0.13, 95% CI = -1.00 to 0.24). This led to a reduction in metabolic syndrome prevalence for the AER (56% vs 43%) and AER + RES (55% vs 46%) groups between baseline and follow-up. The observed decrease in metabolic syndrome was mediated by significant improvements in exercise efficiency for the AER and AER + RES training groups (P < 0.05), which was more strongly related to TTE (25%-30%; r = -0.38, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.19) than VO2peak (5%-6%; r = -0.24, 95% CI = -0.45 to -0.01).

conclusionsAER and AER + RES training significantly improved metabolic syndrome scores and prevalence in patients with T2D. These improvements appear to be associated with improved exercise efficiency and are more strongly related to improved TTE versus VO2peak.

Indexed as

Resistance TrainingAdultAgedDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMetabolic SyndromeMiddle AgedOxygen ConsumptionPhysical Education and TrainingPhysical FitnessPrevalenceRespirationWeight LiftingGlycated Hemoglobin

Identifiers

PMID24389523
PMCPMC4061275
OpenAlexW2055596185

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.