ArticleSpringerPlus2013
Performance in Olympic triathlon: changes in performance of elite female and male triathletes in the ITU World Triathlon Series from 2009 to 2012.
Article in SpringerPlus, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-specific differences in performance and pacing in the world's longest triathlon in history.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Women in the triathlon-the differences between female and male triathletes: a narrative review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- Self-reported carbohydrate supercompensation and supplementation strategies adopted by Olympic triathlon athletes.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Article
- Changes in pacing variation with increasing race duration in ultra-triathlon races.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Olympic cycle periodicity in women's long and triple jumping performance between 1996 and 2019.PloS one · 2023Article
- Concordance Analysis between the Segments and the Overall Performance in Olympic Triathlon in Elite Triathletes.Biology · 2022Article
- Elite Triathlete Profiles in Draft-Legal Triathlons as a Basis for Talent Identification.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Contribution of Segments to Overall Result in Elite Triathletes: Sprint Distance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sex Differences in Swimming Disciplines-Can Women Outperform Men in Swimming?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Effects of Cycling on Subsequent Running Performance, Stride Length, and Muscle Oxygen Saturation in Triathletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Is the Bike Segment of Modern Olympic Triathlon More a Transition towards Running in Males than It Is in Females?Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Sex Difference in Triathlon Performance.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- Comparison of the influence of age on cycling efficiency and the energy cost of running in well-trained triathletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2016Article
- What predicts performance in ultra-triathlon races? - a comparison between Ironman distance triathlon and ultra-triathlon.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2015Review
- Sex difference in top performers from Ironman to double deca iron ultra-triathlon.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2014Article
- Changes in transition times in 'Ironman Hawaii' between 1998 and 2013.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2014Article
- Nation related participation and performance trends in 'Ironman Hawaii' from 1985 to 2012.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in performance and sex difference in performance of the world best triathletes at the ITU (International Triathlon Union) World Triathlon Series (i.e. 1.5 km swimming, 40 km cycling and 10 km running) during the 2009-2012 period including the 2012 London Olympic Games. Changes in overall race times, split times and sex difference in performance of the top ten women and men of each race were analyzed using single and multi-level regression analyses. Swimming and running split times remained unchanged whereas cycling split times (ß = 0.003, P < 0.001) and overall race times (ß = 0.003, P < 0.001) increased significantly for both women and men. The sex difference in performance remained unchanged for swimming and cycling but decreased for running (ß = -0.001, P = 0.001) from 14.9 ± 2.7% to 13.2 ± 2.6% and for overall race time (ß = -0.001, P = 0.006) from 11.9 ± 1.2% to 11.4 ± 1.4%. The sex difference in running (14.3 ± 2.4%) was greater (P < 0.001) compared to swimming (9.1 ± 5.1%) and cycling (9.5 ± 2.7%). These findings suggest that (i) the world's best female short-distance triathletes reduced the gap with male athletes in running and total performance at short distance triathlon with drafting during the 2009-2012 period and (ii) the sex difference in running was greater compared to swimming and cycling. Further studies should investigate the reasons why the sex difference in performance was greater in running compared to swimming and cycling in elite short-distance triathletes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.