ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
A toxin-antitoxin module of Salmonella promotes virulence in mice.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Overview of Type II and III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems with a Focus on Druggability.Toxins · 2018Pooled it
- The HigB-like SehA toxin promotes non-replicating Salmonella inside macrophages by inhibiting ribonuclease III-dependent rRNA maturation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Role of PumB antitoxin as a transcriptional regulator of the PumAB type-II toxin-antitoxin system and its endoribonuclease activity on the PumA (toxin) transcript.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2023Article
- Characterization of toxin-antitoxin systems from public sequencing data: A case study inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Genomic Features ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Biological Functions of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Article
- Mobilome Analysis ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- An Auto-Regulating Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System Modulates Drug Resistance and Virulence inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Applications of Transcriptomics and Proteomics for Understanding Dormancy and Resuscitation inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Retraction: A Toxin-Antitoxin Module of Salmonella Promotes Virulence in Mice.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Virulence Conferred by PumA Toxin from the Plasmid-Encoded PumAB Toxin-Antitoxin System is Regulated by Quorum System.Current microbiology · 2020Article
- Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Evolution and Revolutions.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Review
- RHS-elements function as type II toxin-antitoxin modules that regulate intra-macrophage replication of Salmonella Typhimurium.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- VapC21 Toxin Contributes to Drug-Tolerance and Interacts With Non-cognate VapB32 Antitoxin inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Molecular Characterization of SehB, a Type II Antitoxin ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Targeting ADP-ribosylation as an antimicrobial strategy.Biochemical pharmacology · 2019Review
- Slow growth determines nonheritable antibiotic resistance inScience signaling · 2019Article
- Rapid detection of Salmonella contamination in seafoods using multiplex PCR.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2019Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2020-10-21Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of/in Image · Manipulation of Images ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are widely prevalent in both bacteria and archaea. Originally described as stabilizing elements of plasmids, TA modules are also widespread on bacterial chromosomes. These modules promote bacterial persistence in response to specific environmental stresses. So far, the possibility that TA modules could be involved in bacterial virulence has been largely neglected, but recent comparative genomic studies have shown that the presence of TA modules is significantly associated with the pathogenicity of bacteria. Using Salmonella as a model, we investigated whether TA modules help bacteria to overcome the stress conditions encountered during colonization, thereby supporting virulence in the host. By bioinformatics analyses, we found that the genome of the pathogenic bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium encodes at least 11 type II TA modules. Several of these are conserved in other pathogenic strains but absent from non-pathogenic species indicating that certain TA modules might play a role in Salmonella pathogenicity. We show that one TA module, hereafter referred to as sehAB, plays a transient role in virulence in perorally inoculated mice. The use of a transcriptional reporter demonstrated that bacteria in which sehAB is strongly activated are predominantly localized in the mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, sehAB was shown to be important for the survival of Salmonella in these peripheral lymphoid organs. These data indicate that the transient activation of a type II TA module can bring a selective advantage favouring virulence and demonstrate that TA modules are engaged in Salmonella pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.