Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24385661›Full record

ReviewPublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

The social determinants of health: it's time to consider the causes of the causes.

Paula Braveman, Laura Gottlieb

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04646408 (Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease, Kidney Disease and Diabetes in People of African Ancestry With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,670 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,670citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04646408 unknown statusnot on this map

Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease, Kidney Disease and Diabetes in People of African Ancestry With HIV (CKD Study)

TypeobservationalSponsorKing's College Hospital NHS TrustRan2020 to 2022Enrolled400ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Diseases
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,670 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
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  8. Intersectional pain disparities and resilience in veterans with chronic pain.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Trial
  9. Understanding barriers and facilitators of adherence to lifestyle changes in prediabetes: a qualitative study.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026
    Observational
  10. Article
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  15. Multimorbidity profiles and global quality of life: a population-based latent class and structural equation modeling study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
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1,610 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Paula BravemanUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center on Social Disparities in Health, San Francisco, CA.
Laura GottliebUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the past two decades, the public health community's attention has been drawn increasingly to the social determinants of health (SDH)-the factors apart from medical care that can be influenced by social policies and shape health in powerful ways. We use "medical care" rather than "health care" to refer to clinical services, to avoid potential confusion between "health" and "health care." The World Health Organization's Commission on the Social Determinants of Health has defined SDH as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age" and "the fundamental drivers of these conditions." The term "social determinants" often evokes factors such as health-related features of neighborhoods (e.g., walkability, recreational areas, and accessibility of healthful foods), which can influence health-related behaviors. Evidence has accumulated, however, pointing to socioeconomic factors such as income, wealth, and education as the fundamental causes of a wide range of health outcomes. This article broadly reviews some of the knowledge accumulated to date that highlights the importance of social-and particularly socioeconomic-factors in shaping health, and plausible pathways and biological mechanisms that may explain their effects. We also discuss challenges to advancing this knowledge and how they might be overcome.

Indexed as

Social Determinants of HealthDelivery of Health CareEpigenesis, GeneticHealth StatusHumansSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesVulnerable Populations

Identifiers

PMID24385661
PMCPMC3863696

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.