SynthesisBMJ open2014
Safety and availability of clofazimine in the treatment of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: analysis of published guidance and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-associated adverse events in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: an individual patient data meta-analysis.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Guideline
- Macrolide-resistantJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Review
- Impact of Yuehua Decoction on quality of life and safety in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study using multivariable regression analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions of Clofazimine Reported in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System from 2004 to 2025 Q1.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Updated treatment guidelines for drug-resistant TB: how safe are clofazimine-based regimens?IJTLD open · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetics and cardiac safety of clofazimine in children with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Observational
- Adverse reactions induced by MDT/WHO (Rifampicin+Clofazimine+Dapsone) and ROM (Rifampicin+Ofloxacin+Minocycline) regimens used in the treatment of leprosy: a cohort study in a National Reference Center in Brazil.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- QT Interval Prolongation with One or More QT-Prolonging Agents Used as Part of a Multidrug Regimen for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment: Findings from Two Pediatric Studies.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Observational
- Protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of N-acetylcysteine in reducing adverse drug reactions among adults treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Tanzania.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- New and Repurposed Drugs for the Treatment of Active Tuberculosis: An Update for Clinicians.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2023Review
- Antibiofilm agents with therapeutic potential against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Costs of Tuberculosis at 3 Treatment Centers, Canada, 2010-2016.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Adapting Clofazimine for Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Using Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- MDR Tuberculosis Treatment.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Complicated Case of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis with Multiple Comorbidities, Successfully Treated After Several Treatment Modifications.Clinical medicine insights. Circulatory, respiratory and pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Putting Crohn's on the MAP: Five Common Questions on the Contribution of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis to the Pathophysiology of Crohn's Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2021Review
- Clofazimine is a broad-spectrum coronavirus inhibitor that antagonizes SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human cell culture and hamsters.Research square · 2020Article
- Drug susceptibility patterns of rapidly growing mycobacteria isolated from skin and soft tissue infections in Venezuela.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesGiven the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), new therapies are urgently needed, including the repurposing of existing drugs. We aimed to assess key considerations for the clinical and programmatic use of clofazimine (Cfz), a riminophenazine with antimycobacterial activity currently used to treat leprosy.
designFixed and random effects meta-analysis of cohort studies and systematic review.
settingElectronic and manual searches were combined. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Observational studies on treatment of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis with Cfz or a Cfz-containing regimen, and published guidance and documents relating to cost and availability were eligible.
results5 observational studies enrolled 861 patients, of which 602 received Cfz. The pooled proportion of adverse drug reactions requiring discontinuation of Cfz treatment was 0.1% (95% CI (0.0 to 0.6%)), and the median frequency of all adverse events was 5.1%. Cfz showed in vitro efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Cfz-containing regimens may have had a useful role in the treatment of patients with drug-resistant strains and who had limited alternative treatment options. However, Cfz uptake remains insufficient to meet global needs; there is only one internationally quality-assured manufacturer, which produces a limited quantity of the drug prioritised for treatment of leprosy, the only indication for which the drug is registered.
conclusionsWhile the data were limited, Cfz was associated with a risk for adverse drug reactions comparable to that of first-line TB treatment, which could be reasonably managed under programmatic conditions. However, low market availability and high cost are important barriers to access to Cfz for patients with MDR-TB.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.