Trial reportCardiovascular diabetology2014
Increased Th1 and suppressed Th2 serum cytokine levels in subjects with diabetic coronary artery disease.
Trial report in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of helminths and anthelmintic treatment on cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Association of NF-E2 Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammatory cytokines in recent onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- The impact of chronic comorbidities on cancer immunoediting: challenges and opportunities for immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Statins in Inflammation and Cancer Therapeutics with Emphasis on the NF-κB, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Cytokine Regulatory Axes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between Immunity, Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Identification of immune feature genes and intercellular profiles in diabetic cardiomyopathy.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Distinct circulating cytokine levels in patients with angiography-proven coronary artery disease compared to disease-free controls.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2024Article
- Differential Ophthalmological Profile in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Coexisting with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Elevated Tear Cytokine Concentrations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Meta-Inflammation and New Anti-Diabetic Drugs: A New Chance to Knock Down Residual Cardiovascular Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cellular interplay between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Cardiovascular research · 2023Review
- The diagnostic significance of integrating m6A modification and immune microenvironment features based on bioinformatic investigation in aortic dissection.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Th1/Th2 Balance in Young Subjects: Relationship with Cytokine Levels and Metabolic Profile.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- Platelet Mediated Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease with Type 2 Diabetes Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- Interleukin-13 ameliorates postischemic hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia in rat model of stroke.Metabolic brain disease · 2020Article
- The Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulating Cytokines and Growth Factors in Coronary Artery Disease: The Ins and Outs.Journal of immunology research · 2020Review
- Proinflammatory cytokine polarization in type 2 diabetes.Central-European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- The ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes and/or smoking habit.Clinical oral investigations · 2019Article
- Overproduction of IL-6 and Type-I IFN in a Lethal Case of Chikungunya Virus Infection in an Elderly Man During the 2017 Italian Outbreak.Open forum infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Circulating Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Treg Levels in Aortic Dissection Patients.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe role played by T helper cytokines under chronic, low grade inflammation as seen in type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) co-morbidity is less well studied. In the present study, we measured the serum levels of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines and correlated it with clinical risk factors for T2DM (Insulin Resistance (IR), Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) and CAD (C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Intima Media Thickness (IMT) and Augmentation index (AGI)) in T2DM subjects with/without CAD. METHODOLOGY: The study subjects were recruited from Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). Serum cytokine profile was determined by multiplex cytokine assay in Control (n = 61), T2DM (n = 60), CAD (n = 23) and T2DM-CAD (n = 21) subjects.
resultsT2DM subjects showed a mixed Th1-Th2 profile. CAD subjects presented a Th1 profile with modest Th2 suppression while T2DM-CAD subjects showed enhanced Th1 profile with strong suppression of Th2 cytokines. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines showed a positive correlation with FPG, HbA1c, hsCRP, IMT and AGI. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association of IL-12 (OR = 9.3; 95% CI = 3.2-70.7; p = 0.016), IFN-γ (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 2.7-2.9, p = 0.010), IL-4 (OR = 2.7; 95% CI 2.7-2.7, p = 0.010), IL-5 (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0-1.4; p = 0.003) and IL-13 (OR = 2; 95% CI = 1.7-2.6; p = 0.017) with T2DM-CAD.
conclusionIn conclusion, from the present study it appears that transition from T2DM or CAD to T2DM-CAD co-morbidity is associated with strong down regulation of Th2 cytokines and enhancement of Th1 responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.