ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2013
Advanced BrainAGE in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- BrainAGE, brain health, and mental disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Factors associated with brain ageing - a systematic review.BMC neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic risk factors and brain age: a meta-analysis to quantify brain structural differences related to diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNPooled it
- Physical Activity and BrainAGE: Exploring the Impact on Brain Health and Plasticity in Older Adults.Human brain mapping · 2025Trial
- Effect of Ibuprofen on BrainAGE: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Exploratory Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2018Trial
- Intranasal insulin enhanced resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal regions in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2015Trial
- Article
- Your brain doesn't look a day past 70! Cross-sectional associations with brain-predicted age in the cognitively-intact oldest-old.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Investigating the Contribution of Molecular-Enriched Functional Connectivity to Brain-Age Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- A comparative evaluation of brain MRI modalities, modality-specific measures, brain regions, and cognitive tests for brain age prediction.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Central Obesity-related Brain Alterations Predict Cognitive Impairments in First Episode of Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Observational
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated brain aging.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The role of metabolic health in neurostructural and cognitive alterations in bipolar disorders.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Aging beyond diagnosis: the MRI brain age gap across disorders.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Brain Age in Adult Patients With Early-Treated Phenylketonuria.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Article
- Digital Twin Model of Treatment Outcomes in Post-Stroke Aphasia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Multi-Cohort Federated Learning Shows Synergy in Mortality Prediction for MRI-Based and Metabolomics-Based Age Scores.Journal of healthcare informatics research · 2025Article
- Hidden risk: Latent cognitive profiles and structural brain age reveal vulnerability in midlife metabolic syndrome.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Regional brain aging patterns reveal disease-specific pathways of neurodegeneration.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Aging alters brain structure and function and diabetes mellitus (DM) may accelerate this process. This study investigated the effects of type 2 DM on individual brain aging as well as the relationships between individual brain aging, risk factors, and functional measures. To differentiate a pattern of brain atrophy that deviates from normal brain aging, we used the novel BrainAGE approach, which determines the complex multidimensional aging pattern within the whole brain by applying established kernel regression methods to anatomical brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). The "Brain Age Gap Estimation" (BrainAGE) score was then calculated as the difference between chronological age and estimated brain age. 185 subjects (98 with type 2 DM) completed an MRI at 3Tesla, laboratory and clinical assessments. Twenty-five subjects (12 with type 2 DM) also completed a follow-up visit after 3.8 ± 1.5 years. The estimated brain age of DM subjects was 4.6 ± 7.2 years greater than their chronological age (p = 0.0001), whereas within the control group, estimated brain age was similar to chronological age. As compared to baseline, the average BrainAGE scores of DM subjects increased by 0.2 years per follow-up year (p = 0.034), whereas the BrainAGE scores of controls did not change between baseline and follow-up. At baseline, across all subjects, higher BrainAGE scores were associated with greater smoking and alcohol consumption, higher tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels, lower verbal fluency scores and more severe deprepession. Within the DM group, higher BrainAGE scores were associated with longer diabetes duration (r = 0.31, p = 0.019) and increased fasting blood glucose levels (r = 0.34, p = 0.025). In conclusion, type 2 DM is independently associated with structural changes in the brain that reflect advanced aging. The BrainAGE approach may thus serve as a clinically relevant biomarker for the detection of abnormal patterns of brain aging associated with type 2 DM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.