ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Urban-rural differences in coronary heart disease mortality in the United States: 1999-2009.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 254 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rural chronic disease research patterns in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand: a systematic integrative review.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of published interventions for primary and secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in rural populations of Australia.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- Influencing cardiovascular health habits in the rural, deep south: results of a cluster randomized trial.Health education research · 2019Trial
- Weight management in rural health clinics: The Midwest diet and exercise trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2018Trial
- Acute Myocardial Infarction in Medicare Beneficiaries During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The Experiences and Attitudes of Rural Black People who Use Drugs.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Aging, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke: A 25-year longitudinal analysis of U.S. mortality trends.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Household air pollution and association with heart disease among women in India: evidence from the nationally representative survey (NFHS-5).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Demographics and Trends of Sudden Cardiac Death-Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2022.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Applying a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to examine excess county-level cardiovascular disease death rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Assessing disparity in mortality rates for ischemic heart disease using CDC-WONDER database: A retrospective analysis.Global cardiology science & practice · 2025Article
- Disparities in chronic ischemic heart disease-related mortality across sex, race, and urbanization status in the United States, 1999-2019.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Rural-urban and geographical differences in prognosis of atrial fibrillation in Finland: a nationwide cohort study.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Process evaluation findings from Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities 2.0: a cardiovascular disease prevention intervention for rural women.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Article
- Trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life-years of ischemic heart disease attributable to high body-mass index worldwide, 1990-2019.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Weight management in rural health clinics: Results from the randomized midwest diet and exercise trial.Obesity science & practice · 2024Article
- The role of comorbidities, medications, and social determinants of health in understanding urban-rural outcome differences among patients with heart failure.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2024Article
- Harvest for health in survivors of chronic disease: A demonstration project in the Alabama Black Belt and Mississippi Delta Region.Translational behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Urban-rural differences in hypertension prevalence, blood pressure control, and systolic blood pressure levels.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- Rural Hospital Disparities in Goals of Care Documentation.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2023Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCoronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has declined in the past few decades; however, it is unclear whether the reduction in CHD deaths has been similar across urbanization levels and in specific racial groups. We describe the pattern and magnitude of urban-rural variations in CHD mortality in the U.S.
methodsUsing data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we examined trends in death rates from CHD from 1999 to 2009 among people aged 35-84 years, in each geographic region (Northeast, Midwest, West, and South) and in specific racial-urbanization groups, including black and white people in large and medium metropolitan (urban) areas and in non-metropolitan (rural) areas. We also examined deaths from early-onset CHD in females aged <65 years and males aged <55 years.
resultsFrom 1999 to 2009, there was a 40% decline in age-adjusted CHD mortality. The trend was similar in black and white people but was more pronounced in urban than in rural areas, resulting in a crossover in 2007, when rural areas began showing a higher CHD mortality than urban areas. White people in large metropolitan areas had the largest decline (43%). Throughout the study period, CHD mortality remained higher in black people than in white people, and, in the South, it remained higher in rural than in urban areas. For early-onset CHD, the mortality decline was more modest (30%), but overall trends by urbanization and region were similar.
conclusionFavorable national trends in CHD mortality conceal persisting disparities for some regions and population subgroups (e.g., rural areas and black people).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.