ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2013
Traumatic Brain Injury pathophysiology and treatments: early, intermediate, and late phases post-injury.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Current Advancement and Patient Outcomes in Reperfusion Brain Injuries After Stroke: A Comparative Analysis of Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Methylphenidate for the cognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Traumatic Brain Injury Pathophysiology and Role of Herbal Medicines in its Management.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical evidence of inflammation driving secondary brain injury: a systematic review.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2015Pooled it
- Hypertonic saline maintains coagulofibrinolytic homeostasis following moderate‑to‑severe traumatic brain injury by regulating monocyte phenotype via expression of lncRNAs.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Trial
- CaNeurochemical research · 2026Article
- Coaxial nanofiber design for traumatic brain injury: a review and framework for phase-responsive therapeutics.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Molecular characterization ofOpen veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective effects of ceftriaxone after severe traumatic brain injury in male rats: a behavioral, biochemical, and histological study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Article
- TNF-α in traumatic brain injury: a bidirectional effect in regulating neuroimmune and inflammatory responses.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- 4,4'-Dimethoxychalcone Mitigates Neuroinflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury Through Modulation of the TREM2/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Inflammation · 2025Article
- A Pharmacological Perspective on Targeting the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Subunit αNeurochemical research · 2025Review
- Acute Treatment with Fucoidan Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neurological Damages and Memory Deficits in Rats: Role of BBB Integrity, Microglial Activity, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- A nomogram for neurosurgical intervention in children with mild traumatic brain injury and minor subdural hematoma under 3 years.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring comorbidity networks in mild traumatic brain injury subjects through graph theory: a traumatic brain injury model systems study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Temporal characterisation and electrophysiological implications of TBI-induced serine/threonine kinase activity in mouse cortex.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Nasal anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody ameliorates traumatic brain injury, enhances microglial phagocytosis and reduces neuroinflammation via IL-10-dependent TNature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Combined citicoline and Cerebrolysin for neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Acute symptomatic seizure prevention with perampanel in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective comparison with levetiracetam.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) affects a large proportion and extensive array of individuals in the population. While precise pathological mechanisms are lacking, the growing base of knowledge concerning TBI has put increased emphasis on its understanding and treatment. Most treatments of TBI are aimed at ameliorating secondary insults arising from the injury; these insults can be characterized with respect to time post-injury, including early, intermediate, and late pathological changes. Early pathological responses are due to energy depletion and cell death secondary to excitotoxicity, the intermediate phase is characterized by neuroinflammation and the late stage by increased susceptibility to seizures and epilepsy. Current treatments of TBI have been tailored to these distinct pathological stages with some overlap. Many prophylactic, pharmacologic, and surgical treatments are used post-TBI to halt the progression of these pathologic reactions. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms of the pathological hallmarks of TBI and both current and novel treatments which target the respective pathways.
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