ReviewEnvironmental health perspectives2014
Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs.
Review in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Quality of drinking water in the United Arab Emirates: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Private, public, and bottled drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge.Environment international · 2025Pooled it
- Public health risks related to food safety issues in the food market: a systematic literature review.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Factors influencing perceptions of private water quality in North America: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Private well water stewardship in rural Georgia.PloS one · 2024Trial
- From Surfaces to Spillover: Environmental Persistence and Indirect Transmission of Influenza A(H3N8) Virus.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- A framework for evaluating less-than-lifetime exposures: advancing toxicological risk assessment for drinking water quality.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Drinking water source and exposure to regulated water contaminants in the California Teachers Study cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Comparison of flow cytometry and heterotrophic plate count methods for dialysis water microbial monitoring.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Leveraging the water-environment-health nexus to characterize sustainable water purification solutions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of community-informed resource dissemination at increasing knowledge and testing rates among private well water owners in a statewide population.Journal of environmental management · 2025Article
- Fast and Facile Synthesis of Cobalt-Doped ZIF-8 and FeACS omega · 2024Article
- Mixed contaminant exposure in tapwater and the potential implications for human-health in disadvantaged communities in California.Water research · 2024Article
- Exploring the use of clay pots as sustainable storage containers to improve water quality.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2024Article
- Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water in the 21st Century.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- In vitro bioassays for monitoring drinking water quality of tap water, domestic filtration and bottled water.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Science and Policy.Policy insights from the behavioral and brain sciences · 2023Article
- Global assessment of chemical quality of drinking water: The case of trihalomethanes.Water research · 2023Article
- Unseen Risk: Mapping Contamination Hazards to Enhance Risk Perception in Galena Park, Texas.Climate risk management · 2023Article
- Bottled water contaminant exposures and potential human effects.Environment international · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSafe drinking water is essential for well-being. Although microbiological contamination remains the largest cause of water-related morbidity and mortality globally, chemicals in water supplies may also cause disease, and evidence of the human health consequences is limited or lacking for many of them.
objectivesWe aimed to summarize the state of knowledge, identify gaps in understanding, and provide recommendations for epidemiological research relating to chemicals occurring in drinking water. DISCUSSION: Assessing exposure and the health consequences of chemicals in drinking water is challenging. Exposures are typically at low concentrations, measurements in water are frequently insufficient, chemicals are present in mixtures, exposure periods are usually long, multiple exposure routes may be involved, and valid biomarkers reflecting the relevant exposure period are scarce. In addition, the magnitude of the relative risks tends to be small.
conclusionsResearch should include well-designed epidemiological studies covering regions with contrasting contaminant levels and sufficient sample size; comprehensive evaluation of contaminant occurrence in combination with bioassays integrating the effect of complex mixtures; sufficient numbers of measurements in water to evaluate geographical and temporal variability; detailed information on personal habits resulting in exposure (e.g., ingestion, showering, swimming, diet); collection of biological samples to measure relevant biomarkers; and advanced statistical models to estimate exposure and relative risks, considering methods to address measurement error. Last, the incorporation of molecular markers of early biological effects and genetic susceptibility is essential to understand the mechanisms of action. There is a particular knowledge gap and need to evaluate human exposure and the risks of a wide range of emerging contaminants. CITATION: Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Cordier S, Templeton MR, Vermeulen R, Nuckols JR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Levallois P. 2014. Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs. Environ Health Perspect 122:213–221; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206229
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.