ArticleObstetrics and gynecology international2013
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-selective ligands modulate endometrial tumor growth.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology international, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Hormone Receptors in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors: Prognostic and Predictive Role.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Trial
- Estradiol Promotes Tumor Progression in ERα-Low Endometrial Cancer via the GPER/SphK1 Pathway.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- The Association of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Polymorphisms with Ionizing Radiation Exposure in Healthcare Workers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer for novel therapies resistance mechanisms and future directions.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- GPER in metabolic homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms, nutritional regulation, and therapeutic potential.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Phytoestrogen Signal Pathways and Estrogen Signaling in Ovarian Cancer: A Narrative Review.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2025Review
- Gut-Vaginal Microbiome Crosstalk in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Early Diagnosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Treating ER-positive breast cancer: a review of the current FDA-approved SERMs and SERDs and their mechanisms of action.Oncology reviews · 2025Review
- The Role of Estrogen across Multiple Disease Mechanisms.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 and collagen XVII endodomain expression in human cutaneous melanomas: can they serve as prognostic factors?Pathology oncology research : POR · 2024Article
- Estrogen dysregulation, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma risk.Experimental eye research · 2023Review
- The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER): A Critical Therapeutic Target for Cancer.Cells · 2023Review
- Regulation of ABC transporters by sex steroids may explain differences in drug resistance between sexes.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2023Review
- The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor GPER in health and disease: an update.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Deciphering the Influence of Estradiol and Estrogen Receptors on Cognitive Function: A Bibliometric Analysis and Emerging Research Trends.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- Implications of estrogen and its receptors in colorectal carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER: Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2023Review
- The emerging role of estrogen's non-nuclear signaling in the cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Comparative G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Systems in Diabetic and Cancer Conditions: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Membrane-Initiated Estrogen, Androgen, and Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Health and Disease.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract. GPER/GPR30 is a 7-transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptor that has been identified as the third estrogen receptor, in addition to ERα and ERβ. High GPER expression is predictive of poor survival in endometrial and ovarian cancer, but despite this, the estrogen-mediated signaling pathways and specific estrogen receptors involved in endometrial cancer remain unclear. Here, employing ERα-negative Hec50 endometrial cancer cells, we demonstrate that GPER mediates estrogen-stimulated activation of ERK and PI3K via matrix metalloproteinase activation and subsequent transactivation of the EGFR and that ER-targeted therapeutic agents (4-hydroxytamoxifen, ICI182,780/fulvestrant, and Raloxifene), the phytoestrogen genistein, and the "ERα-selective" agonist propylpyrazole triol also function as GPER agonists. Furthermore, xenograft tumors of Hec50 cells yield enhanced growth with G-1 and estrogen, the latter being inhibited by GPER-selective pharmacologic antagonism with G36. These results have important implications with respect to the use of putatively ER-selective ligands and particularly for the widespread long-term use of "ER-targeted" therapeutics. Moreover, our findings shed light on the potential mechanisms of SERM/SERD side effects reported in many clinical studies. Finally, our results provide the first demonstration that pharmacological inhibition of GPER activity in vivo prevents estrogen-mediated tumor growth.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.