SynthesisWorld journal of gastroenterology2013
Smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in World journal of gastroenterology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Attributed to Occupation: A Systematic Reviews.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Pooled it
- Occupational and Environmental Cholangiocarcinoma-Related Toxic Exposures.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Longitudinal cohort study highlights cancer-preventive benefits of lipid-lowering drugs.iScience · 2024Article
- Review
- Association between Smoking Cessation and the Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma and Ampulla of Vater Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Liver cancer · 2023Article
- Review
- The causal relationship between metabolic factors, drinking, smoking and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Associations between cigarette smoking and biliary tract cancer by anatomic subsite and sex: a prospective cohort study in Japan.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- The role of diet and nutrition related indicators in biliary diseases: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2022Review
- Investigating VEGF. miR-145-3p, and miR-101-3p Expression in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Liquid biopsy in cholangiocarcinoma: Current status and future perspectives.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2021Review
- Underexpression of miR-126-3p in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Prognostic Nomogram That Predicts Overall Survival of Patients with Distal Cholangiocarcinoma After Pancreatoduodenectomy.Cancer management and research · 2020Article
- Smoking, Alcohol, and Biliary Tract Cancer Risk: A Pooling Project of 26 Prospective Studies.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2019Review
- Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risks for Biliary Tract Cancer and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer.Journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Is exposure to tobacco associated with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma epidemics? A retrospective proportional mortality study in China.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma.BMC cancer · 2019Review
- Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: A population-based study in SEER-Medicare.PloS one · 2017Article
- Expression and prognostic value of glutamate dehydrogenase in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients.American journal of translational research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo assess the association between smoking and alcohol consumption and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) through a meta-analysis of clinical observational studies.
methodsA literature search was conducted using Embase and MEDLINE databases from inception to 31 May 2013 without language limitations, and by manually searching the references of retrieved articles. Case-control and cohort studies that investigated the association between smoking or alcohol consumption and ECC were included. The quality of these studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Summary relative risks and corresponding 95%CI were calculated using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test.
resultsA total of 12 eligible articles (11 case-control studies and one cohort study) were included in this meta-analysis. Eleven studies reported the association between smoking and ECC. Pooled analysis indicated that smokers had an increased risk of ECC development as compared with non-smokers (summary RR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.01-1.50). This correlation was present in population-based studies (n = 5; summary RR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.06-2.05) but not in hospital-based studies (n = 6; summary RR = 1.10; 95%CI: 0.88-1.37) and in non-Asian regions (n = 7; summary RR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.03-1.87) but not in Asia (n = 4; summary RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.38). Seven studies reported an association between consuming alcohol and ECC. Pooled analysis indicated that alcohol drinkers had a similar risk of ECC development as did individuals who did not drink alcohol (summary RR = 1.09; 95%CI: 0.87-1.37). There was moderate heterogeneity among the studies and no evidence of publication bias.
conclusionSmoking is associated with an increased risk of ECC, but alcohol consumption is not. Further population-based studies, particularly cohort studies, are warranted to enable definitive conclusions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.