Trial reportNutrients2013
Improvements in iron status and cognitive function in young women consuming beef or non-beef lunches.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03946475 (Local Specific Food-based Recommendations Developed Using Linear Programming Approach for Combating Anemia Among Adolescent Schoolgirls in Rural Indonesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Local Specific Food-based Recommendations Developed Using Linear Programming Approach for Combating Anemia Among Adolescent Schoolgirls in Rural Indonesia
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Increasing Red Meat Intake on Iron Status in Adults with Normal and Suboptimal Iron Status: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Beef and Beef Product Intake on Cognition in Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Is Higher Consumption of Animal Flesh Foods Associated with Better Iron Status among Adults in Developed Countries? A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2016Pooled it
- Consumption of Iron-Biofortified Beans Positively Affects Cognitive Performance in 18- to 27-Year-Old Rwandan Female College Students in an 18-Week Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Brain Foods: A Narrative Review of Food Items and Their Impact on Cognition over the Life Course.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Perspective: use of beef in a dietary intervention as an effective strategy for improving cognition in young adult females.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Associations Between Lifetime Histories of Iron Deficiency, Anxiety, Depression and Multiple Pain Conditions: An Observational Study Using a Large-Scale National Database.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Dietary consumption of beef and red meat: a scoping review and evidence map on cognitive outcomes across the lifespan.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Development of Iron Status Measures during Youth: Associations with Sex, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Structure.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Associations between red blood cell indices and iron status and neurocognitive function in young adults: Evidence from memory and executive function tests and event-related potentials.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2022Article
- Early Life Beef Consumption Patterns Are Related to Cognitive Outcomes at 1-5 Years of Age: An Exploratory Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Knowledge and practices of dietary iron and anemia among early adolescents in a rural district in Ghana.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- Longitudinal Development of Brain Iron Is Linked to Cognition in Youth.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Article
- [Association between iron deficiency and brain developmental disorder in children].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2018Article
- Iron Deficiency Anemia, Not Iron Deficiency, Is Associated with Reduced Attention in Healthy Young Women.Nutrients · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iron status is associated with cognitive performance and intervention trials show that iron supplementation improves mental function in iron-deficient adults. However, no studies have tested the efficacy of naturally iron-rich food in this context. This investigation measured the hematologic and cognitive responses to moderate beef consumption in young women. Participants (n=43; age 21.1±0.4 years) were randomly assigned to a beef or non-beef protein lunch group [3-oz (85 g), 3 times weekly] for 16 weeks. Blood was sampled at baseline, and weeks 8 and 16, and cognitive performance was measured at baseline and week 16. Body iron increased in both lunch groups (p<0.0001), with greater improvement demonstrated in women with lower baseline body iron (p<0.0001). Body iron had significant beneficial effects on spatial working memory and planning speed (p<0.05), and ferritin responders (n=17) vs. non-responders (n=26) showed significantly greater improvements in planning speed, spatial working memory strategy, and attention (p<0.05). Lunch group had neither significant interactions with iron status nor consistent main effects on test performance. These findings support a relationship between iron status and cognition, but do not show a particular benefit of beef over non-beef protein consumption on either measure in young women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.