ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2013
Implanting glass spinal cord windows in adult mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Importance of ultradian oscillations in neurogenesis during development and its implications for spinal cord regeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Dorsoventral photobiomodulation therapy safely reduces inflammation and sensorimotor deficits in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Moderate systemic therapeutic hypothermia is insufficient to protect blood-spinal cord barrier in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Simultaneous fluorescence imaging of distinct nerve and blood vessel patterns in dual Thy1-YFP and Flt1-DsRed transgenic mice.Angiogenesis · 2020Article
- Transgenic models for investigating the nervous system: Currently available neurofluorescent reporters and potential neuronal markers.Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects · 2020Review
- Dendritic Spine Dynamics after Peripheral Nerve Injury: An Intravital Structural Study.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Article
- Insights Into Spinal Dorsal Horn Circuit Function and Dysfunction Using Optical Approaches.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2020Review
- Longitudinal Intravital Microscopy Reveals Axon Degeneration Concomitant With Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in an LPC Model of Demyelination.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Imaging the dynamic interactions between immune cells and the neurovascular interface in the spinal cord.Experimental neurology · 2019Review
- Surgical preparations, labeling strategies, and optical techniques for cell-resolved, in vivo imaging in the mouse spinal cord.Experimental neurology · 2019Review
- Locomotor-related V3 interneurons initiate and coordinate muscles spasms after spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Diversity of innate immune cell subsets across spatial and temporal scales in an EAE mouse model.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Lipid Order Degradation in Autoimmune Demyelination Probed by Polarized Coherent Raman Microscopy.Biophysical journal · 2017Article
- Monocyte behaviour and tissue transglutaminase expression during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in transgenic CX3CR1Amino acids · 2017Article
- A Novel Cervical Spinal Cord Window Preparation Allows for Two-Photon Imaging of T-Cell Interactions with the Cervical Spinal Cord Microvasculature during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Advances in Intravital Non-Linear Optical Imaging of the Central Nervous System in Rodents.Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Review
- HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural regeneration by the CNS extracellular matrix.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Combination of an optical parametric oscillator and quantum-dots 655 to improve imaging depth of vasculature by intravital multicolor two-photon microscopy.Biomedical optics express · 2016Article
- Two-photon imaging of cellular dynamics in the mouse spinal cord.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2015Article
- A procedure for implanting a spinal chamber for longitudinal in vivo imaging of the mouse spinal cord.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in adult rodents is the standard experimental model for studying autonomic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Here we present a low-cost and reproducible glass window implantation protocol that is suitable for intravital microscopy and studying the dynamics of spinal cord cytoarchitecture with subcellular resolution in live adult mice with EAE. Briefly, we surgically expose the vertebrae T12-L2 and construct a chamber around the exposed vertebrae using a combination of cyanoacrylate and dental cement. A laminectomy is performed from T13 to L1, and a thin layer of transparent silicone elastomer is applied to the dorsal surface of the exposed spinal cord. A modified glass cover slip is implanted over the exposed spinal cord taking care that the glass does not directly contact the spinal cord. To reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells between the window and spinal cord, anti-inflammatory treatment is administered every 2 days (as recommended by ethics committee) for the first 10 days after implantation. EAE is induced only 2-3 weeks after the cessation of anti-inflammatory treatment. Using this approach we successfully induced EAE in 87% of animals with implanted windows and, using Thy1-CFP-23 mice (blue axons in dorsal spinal cord), quantified axonal loss throughout EAE progression. Taken together, this protocol may be useful for studying the recruitment of various cell populations as well as their interaction dynamics, with subcellular resolution and for extended periods of time. This intravital imaging modality represents a valuable tool for developing therapeutic strategies to treat autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as EAE.
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