ArticlePloS one2013
Demographic variables for wild Asian elephants using longitudinal observations.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge transmission, culture and the consequences of social disruption in wild elephants.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Epigenetic Signatures of Ageing in Asian Elephants Revealed by Reduced Representation Bisulphite Sequencing.Evolutionary applications · 2026Article
- Article
- The first use of a photogrammetry drone to estimate population abundance and predict age structure of threatened Sumatran elephants.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effects of a hydropower project on a high-value Asian elephant population.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Day and night camera trap videos are effective for identifying individual wild Asian elephants.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Strategies of protected area use by Asian elephants in relation to motivational state and social affiliations.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Current and Future Approaches to Mitigate Conflict between Humans and Asian Elephants: The Potential Use of Aversive Geofencing Devices.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Epigenetic clock and methylation studies in elephants.Aging cell · 2021Article
- Article
- Play in Elephants: Wellbeing, Welfare or Distraction?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Asian elephants exhibit post-reproductive lifespans.BMC evolutionary biology · 2019Article
- Capture from the wild has long-term costs on reproductive success in Asian elephants.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Long-term trends in wild-capture and population dynamics point to an uncertain future for captive elephants.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Article
- Distinguishing between determinate and indeterminate growth in a long-lived mammal.BMC evolutionary biology · 2015Article
- Elephants born in the high stress season have faster reproductive ageing.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Stress and body condition are associated with climate and demography in Asian elephants.Conservation physiology · 2015Article
- Short-term and delayed effects of mother death on calf mortality in Asian elephants.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Detailed demographic data on wild Asian elephants have been difficult to collect due to habitat characteristics of much of the species' remaining range. Such data, however, are critical for understanding and modeling population processes in this endangered species. We present data from six years of an ongoing study of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Uda Walawe National Park, Sri Lanka. This relatively undisturbed population numbering over one thousand elephants is individually monitored, providing cohort-based information on mortality and reproduction. Reproduction was seasonal, such that most births occurred during the long inter-monsoon dry season and peaked in May. During the study, the average age at first reproduction was 13.4 years and the 50(th) percentile inter-birth interval was approximately 6 years. Birth sex ratios did not deviate significantly from parity. Fecundity was relatively stable throughout the observed reproductive life of an individual (ages 11-60), averaging between 0.13-0.17 female offspring per individual per year. Mortalities and injuries based on carcasses and disappearances showed that males were significantly more likely than females to be killed or injured through anthropogenic activity. Overall, however, most observed injuries did not appear to be fatal. This population exhibits higher fecundity and density relative to published estimates on other Asian elephant populations, possibly enhanced by present range constriction. Understanding the factors responsible for these demographic dynamics can shed insight on the future needs of this elephant population, with probable parallels to other populations in similar settings.
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