ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2013
Blood cadmium is elevated in iron deficient U.S. children: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Implications of triclosan for female fertility: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2016.F&S reports · 2022Article
- Associations of a metal mixture with iron status in U.S. adolescents: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.New directions for child and adolescent development · 2022Article
- Sleep Behavior and Self-Reported Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Among U.S. Women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: a review.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2021Article
- Urinary cadmium and timing of menarche and pubertal development in girls.Environmental research · 2020Article
- A cross-sectional study of urinary cadmium concentrations in relation to dietary intakes in Uruguayan school children.The Science of the total environment · 2019Article
- Distribution and predictors of 20 toxic and essential metals in the umbilical cord blood of Chinese newborns.Chemosphere · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCadmium (Cd), a widespread environmental contaminant, and iron deficiency (ID), the most common nutrient deficiency in the world, are known risk factors for neurodevelopmental delays, as well as other disorders, in infants and children. Studies assessing the cumulative effects of these factors are lacking in children, despite concerns of increased uptake of metals in the presence of ID. Here we sought to determine if blood and urine Cd levels were elevated in ID children compared to non-ID children.
methodsData for 5224 children, aged 3-19 years, were obtained from the 1999-2002 NHANES. ID was defined as ≥2 of 3 abnormal iron indicators (low serum ferritin [SF], high free erythrocyte protoporphyrin [FEP], low % transferrin saturation [TSAT]); ID anemia (IDA) was defined as ID plus low hemoglobin (Hgb). Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between ID, IDA, and abnormal iron indicators and categories of blood and urine Cd.
resultsAdjusted odds of ID, IDA, low SF, and low TSAT were associated with increasing category of blood Cd but not urine Cd. Adjusted ORs (95% CI) for blood Cd ≥0.5 μg/L versus < LOD were = 1.74 (1.30-2.34), 4.02 (1.92-8.41), 4.08 (2.36-5.89) and 1.78 (1.32-2.39), for ID, IDA, low SF, and low TSAT, respectively. Age and sex specific analyses of blood Cd and ID/abnormal iron indicators revealed that the observed associations were strongest in females aged 16-19 years.
conclusionsGiven their shared neurotoxic effects in children, and that many people live in areas with high burdens of both ID and Cd, more research into the complex relationships between nutrient deficiencies and environmental toxicants is vital.
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