Trial reportNutrition journal2013
Tocotrienols for normalisation of hepatic echogenic response in nonalcoholic fatty liver: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Trial report in Nutrition journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Health Benefits of Palm Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin E for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Tocotrienol in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Nutritional supplementation for nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019Guideline
- Pharmacological interventions for non-alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD): an attempted network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Assessing the efficacy of tocotrienol-rich fraction vitamin E in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial.BMC pediatrics · 2024Trial
- A double-blind randomised controlled trial on the effect of Tocovid, a tocotrienol-rich capsule on postoperative atrial fibrillation at the National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur: an interim blinded analysis.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2021Trial
- A 12-week evaluation of annatto tocotrienol supplementation for postmenopausal women: safety, quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intake.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2018Trial
- Effects of Delta-tocotrienol Supplementation on Liver Enzymes, Inflammation, Oxidative stress and Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2018Trial
- Vitamin E administration reduces liver enzyme levels in patients with Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Vitamin E and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Investigating the Evidence Through a Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Review
- Anticancer Activity of Delta-Tocotrienol in Human Hepatocarcinoma: Involvement of Autophagy Induction.Cancers · 2024Article
- New perspectives on 'Breathomics': metabolomic profiling of non-volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath using DI-FT-ICR-MS.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Strategies to Enhance the Solubility and Bioavailability of Tocotrienols Using Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Tocotrienol in the Treatment of Topical Wounds: Recent Updates.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the commonest liver disorders. Obesity, insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress have been identified amongst the possible hits leading to the onset and progression of this disease. Nutritional evaluation of NAFLD patients showed a lower-than-recommended intake of vitamin E. Vitamin E is a family of 8 isoforms, 4 tocopherols and 4 tocotrienols. Alpha-tocopherol has been widely investigated in liver diseases, whereas no previous clinical trial has investigated tocotrienols for NAFLD. Aim of the study was to determine the effects of mixed tocotrienols, in normalising the hepatic echogenic response in hypercholesterolaemic patients with ultrasound-proven NAFLD.
methodsEighty-seven untreated hypercholesterolaemic adults with ultrasound-proven NAFLD were enrolled and randomised into control group (n = 44) and tocotrienols group (n = 43). The treatment, either mixed tocotrienols 200 mg twice daily or placebo, had a 1-year duration.Normalisation of hepatic echogenic response, being the trial primary aim, was used in sample size calculations. The data were assessed according to intention to treat principle as primary outcome. Per protocol analysis was also carried out as secondary outcome measurement.
resultsThirty and 34 participants concluded the study in the tocotrienols and placebo group respectively. Alpha-tocopherol levels were within the normal range for all subjects. As primary outcome, the normalisation of hepatic echogenic response was significantly higher for the tocotrienols treated group compared to the placebo group in the intention to treat analysis (P = 0.039; 95% CI = 0.896-6.488). As secondary objective, the per protocol assessment also showed significant rate of remission (P = 0.014; 95% CI = 1.117-9.456). Worsening of NAFLD grade was recorded in two patients in the placebo group, but none in the group treated with tocotrienols. No adverse events were reported for both groups.
conclusionThis is the first clinical trial that showed the hepatoprotective effects of mixed palm tocotrienols in hypercholesterolemic adults with NAFLD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.