ReviewCurrent medicinal chemistry2014
Targeting microglial activation in stroke therapy: pharmacological tools and gender effects.
Review in Current medicinal chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroinflammation strokes the brain: A double-edged sword in ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Targeting the interactions between neutrophils and microglia: a novel strategy for anti-inflammatory treatment of stroke.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Deficiency of SARM1 attenuates neuronal injury and improves neurological performance in a photothrombotic stroke model.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- Sex-specific cell death mechanisms in rodent sub-acute and chronic stroke.Neuroscience letters · 2025Article
- Matrix metalloproteinase‑9 in hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Cofilactin rod formation mediates inflammation-induced neurite degeneration.Cell reports · 2024Article
- X, but not Y, Chromosomal Complement Contributes to Stroke Sensitivity in Aged Animals.Translational stroke research · 2023Article
- Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Strokes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- After Ischemic Stroke, Minocycline Promotes a Protective Response in Neurons via the RNA-Binding Protein HuR, with a Positive Impact on Motor Performance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Crosstalk between Microglia and Neurons in Neurotrauma: An Overview of the Underlying Mechanisms.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Wild Bitter Melon Extract Abrogates Hypoxia-Induced Cell Death via the Regulation of Ferroptosis, ER Stress, and Apoptosis in Microglial BV2 Cells.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Can quantifying morphology and TMEM119 expression distinguish between microglia and infiltrating macrophages after ischemic stroke and reperfusion in male and female mice?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Cerebral Vasodilator Property of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor (PJ34) in the Neonatal and Adult Mouse Is Mediated by the Nitric Oxide Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- A novel CX3CR1 inhibitor AZD8797 facilitates early recovery of rat acute spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.International journal of molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Crosstalk between Inflammation and the BBB in Stroke.Current neuropharmacology · 2020Article
- Delayed PARP-1 Inhibition Alleviates Post-stroke Inflammation in Male Versus Female Mice: Differences and Similarities.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Retracted Article: Elevation of USP4 antagonizes oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-evoked microglia activation and neuroinflammation-mediated neurotoxicityRSC advances · 2019Article
- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Attenuate Neuronal Damage by Suppressing Oxygen Glucose Deprivation-Induced Activated Microglial Cells.Neural plasticity · 2019Article
- Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Strategies in Stroke.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Sex differences in traumatic brain injury: a multi-dimensional exploration in genes, hormones, cells, individuals, and society.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by critical reductions in blood flow to brain or spinal cord. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, and they respond to stroke by assuming an activated phenotype that releases cytotoxic cytokines, reactive oxygen species, proteases, and other factors. This acute, innate immune response may be teleologically adapted to limit infection, but in stroke this response can exacerbate injury by further damaging or killing nearby neurons and other cell types, and by recruiting infiltration of circulating cytotoxic immune cells. The microglial response requires hours to days to fully develop, and this time interval presents a clinically accessible time window for initiating therapy. Because of redundancy in cytotoxic microglial responses, the most effective therapeutic approach may be to target the global gene expression changes involved in microglial activation. Several classes of drugs can do this, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, minocycline and other PARP inhibitors, corticosteroids, and inhibitors of TNFα and scavenger receptor signaling. Here we review the pre-clinical studies in which these drugs have been used to suppress microglial activation after stroke. We also review recent advances in the understanding of sex differences in the CNS inflammatory response, as these differences are likely to influence the efficacy of drugs targeting post-stroke brain inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.