Trial reportJournal of clinical microbiology2014
Limited HIV-1 superinfection in seroconverters from the CAPRISA 004 Microbicide Trial.
Trial report in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the effects of cytokine biomarkers on HIV incidence: a case study for individuals randomized to pre-exposure prophylaxis vs. control.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Dating reservoir formation in virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 in Rakai, Uganda.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- HIV Coinfection Provides Insights for the Design of Vaccine Cocktails to Elicit Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Superinfection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 075 Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- HIV Superinfection Drives De Novo Antibody Responses and Not Neutralization Breadth.Cell host & microbe · 2018Article
- Moving from the HIV Organ Policy Equity Act to HIV Organ Policy Equity in action: changing practice and challenging stigma.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2018Review
- HIV-Positive Kidney Donor Selection for HIV-Positive Transplant Recipients.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2018Review
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- Article
- Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design.Frontiers of medicine · 2017Review
- Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages.PloS one · 2016Article
- Analysis of Viral Diversity in Relation to the Recency of HIV-1C Infection in Botswana.PloS one · 2016Article
- Evaluation of postpartum HIV superinfection and mother-to-child transmission.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- Rates of HIV-1 superinfection and primary HIV-1 infection are similar in female sex workers in Uganda.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Article
- New candidate biomarkers in the female genital tract to evaluate microbicide toxicity.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 superinfection (SI) occurs when an infected individual acquires a distinct new viral strain. The rate of superinfection may be reflective of the underlying HIV risk in a population. The Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 clinical trial demonstrated that women who used a tenofovir-containing microbicide gel had lower rates of HIV infection than women using a placebo gel. Women who contracted HIV-1 during the trial were screened for the occurrence of superinfection by next-generation sequencing of the viral gag and env genes. There were two cases (one in each trial arm) of subtype C superinfection identified from the 76 women with primary infection screened at two time points (rate of superinfection, 1.5/100 person-years). Both women experienced a >0.5-log increase in viral load during the window when superinfection occurred. The rate of superinfection was significantly lower than the overall primary HIV incidence in the microbicide trial (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.20; P=0.003). The women who seroconverted during the trial reported a significant increase in sexual contact with their stable partner 4 months after seroconversion (P<0.001), which may have lowered the risk of superinfection in this population. The lower frequency of SI compared to the primary incidence is in contrast to a report from a general heterosexual African population but agrees with a study of high-risk women in Kenya. A better understanding of the rate of HIV superinfection could have important implications for ongoing HIV vaccine research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.