ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Biofilm formation enhances fomite survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- How long do bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses retain their replication capacity on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review examining environmental resilience versus healthcare-associated infection risk by "fomite-borne risk assessment".Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection by inhibiting catheter bacterial biofilm formation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Trial
- Desiccation tolerance as a driver of environmental persistence and transmission in nosocomial bacterial pathogens.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Structural and Functional Interrogation of ActiveBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Biofilm formation during pneumococcal carriage imprints naturally acquired humoral immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Biofilm formation during pneumococcal carriage imprints naturally acquired humoral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Association of climate variables with pneumonia patterns in a tropical coastal province of thailand: a bayesian structural time series analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in pneumococcal carriage among childcare-attending children during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greater New Haven Area, USA.Research square · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in pneumococcal carriage among childcare-attending children during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greater New Haven Area, USA.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Microbial Contamination of Door Handles: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Public and Healthcare Settings.Environmental health insights · 2025Review
- Housing Initiatives to Address Strep A Infections and Reduce RHD Risks in Remote Indigenous Communities in Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Biological puzzles solved by usingJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children under 5 years of age at an outpatient healthcare facility in Novi Sad, Serbia during the COVID-19 pandemic.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Streptococcal and Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infections: are they really different?BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Invasive Group A Streptococcus Outbreaks Associated with Home Healthcare, England, 2018-2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Diverse Mechanisms of Protective Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- A Tn-seq Screen of Streptococcus pneumoniae Uncovers DNA Repair as the Major Pathway for Desiccation Tolerance and Transmission.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- A Bacterial Inflammation Sensor Regulates c-di-GMP Signaling, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation.mBio · 2021Article
- Microbial Air Quality in Healthcare Facilities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae are widely thought to rapidly die outside the human host, losing infectivity following desiccation in the environment. However, to date, all literature investigating the infectivity of desiccated streptococci has used broth-grown, planktonic populations. In this study, we examined the impact of biofilm formation on environmental survival of clinical and laboratory isolates of S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae as both organisms are thought to colonize the human host as biofilms. Results clearly demonstrate that while planktonic cells that are desiccated rapidly lose viability both on hands and abiotic surfaces, such as plastic, biofilm bacteria remain viable over extended periods of time outside the host and remain infectious in a murine colonization model. To explore the level and extent of streptococcal fomite contamination that children might be exposed to naturally, direct bacteriologic cultures of items in a day care center were conducted, which demonstrated high levels of viable streptococci of both species. These findings raise the possibility that streptococci may survive in the environment and be transferred from person to person via fomites contaminated with oropharyngeal secretions containing biofilm streptococci.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.