ReviewVaccine2014
The delicate balance in genetically engineering live vaccines.
Review in Vaccine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Guidelines for vaccination of immunocompromised individuals].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2016Guideline
- Trial
- Article
- Recombinant AttenuatedBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Therapeutic vaccination with a live M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine accelerates pathogen clearance and restores mammary homeostasis in dairy cows with natural Mycoplasma bovis subclinical mastitis.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Potential of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in tumor vaccine: characteristics, advancements, and future directions.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- A Purely Biomanufactured System for Delivering Nanoparticles and STING Agonists.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Roles of SPI-2 T3SS effectors in virulence ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Genetic engineering ofEcoSal Plus · 2024Review
- Advancing vaccine technology through the manipulation of pathogenic and commensal bacteria.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Mutation inVeterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Recombinant Live-AttenuatedVaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles.Vaccines · 2024Review
- A novel vaccine strategy using quick and easy conversion of bacterial pathogens to unnatural amino acid-auxotrophic suicide derivatives.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- A Bacterial mRNA-Lysis-Mediated Cargo Release Vaccine System for Regulated Cytosolic Surveillance and Optimized Antigen Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Three Candidate Live-AttenuatedVaccines · 2023Article
- Recombinant-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector expressing the PlpE protein of Pasteurella multocida protects mice from lethal challenge.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Contemporary vaccine development relies less on empirical methods of vaccine construction, and now employs a powerful array of precise engineering strategies to construct immunogenic live vaccines. In this review, we will survey various engineering techniques used to create attenuated vaccines, with an emphasis on recent advances and insights. We will further explore the adaptation of attenuated strains to create multivalent vaccine platforms for immunization against multiple unrelated pathogens. These carrier vaccines are engineered to deliver sufficient levels of protective antigens to appropriate lymphoid inductive sites to elicit both carrier-specific and foreign antigen-specific immunity. Although many of these technologies were originally developed for use in Salmonella vaccines, application of the essential logic of these approaches will be extended to development of other enteric vaccines where possible. A central theme driving our discussion will stress that the ultimate success of an engineered vaccine rests on achieving the proper balance between attenuation and immunogenicity. Achieving this balance will avoid over-activation of inflammatory responses, which results in unacceptable reactogenicity, but will retain sufficient metabolic fitness to enable the live vaccine to reach deep tissue inductive sites and trigger protective immunity. The breadth of examples presented herein will clearly demonstrate that genetic engineering offers the potential for rapidly propelling vaccine development forward into novel applications and therapies which will significantly expand the role of vaccines in public health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.