ArticleNutrients2013
Breastfeeding and active bonding protects against children's internalizing behavior problems.
Article in Nutrients, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Panic disorder during pregnancy and the first three years after delivery: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review.Revista de saude publica · 2018Pooled it
- Associations between exclusive breastfeeding duration and children's developmental outcomes: Evidence from Siaya county, Kenya.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Predictors of Preschool Neurodevelopmental Outcomes and Trajectories in a South African Birth Cohort.Research square · 2026Article
- Cumulative breastfeeding duration and incidence of diabetes in the multiethnic cohort study.Global perspectives on nutrition · 2026Article
- Early environmental risks and the developmental dynamics of internalizing and externalizing problems from birth to adolescence.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Association between breastfeeding and lower risk of behavioral problems in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Breastfeeding: The Multifaceted Impact on Child Development and Maternal Well-Being.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Impact of Breastfeeding Practices on Autistic Traits in Chinese Children Aged from 3 to 4 Years: Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of breastfeeding duration on children's behavior problems at around 3 years of age.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Topographic Analysis of the Nipple-Areolar Complex Sensation in Superomedial Pedicle Breast Reduction.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Birth and household exposures are associated with changes to skin bacterial communities during infancy.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2025Article
- Parental satisfaction with care given in neonatal intensive care units, multicentre referral hospitals in eastern Ethiopia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Perinatal and neonatal factors and mental disorders in children and adolescents: looking for the contributions of the early environment to common and dissociable aspects of psychopathology.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Effects of Breastfeeding on Childhood Behavioral and Emotional Development: A Prospective Cohort Study in China.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Psychological Benefits of Breastfeeding: Fostering Maternal Well-Being and Child Development.Cureus · 2023Review
- Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: A national, population cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breastfeeding is associated with numerous health benefits to offspring and mothers and may improve maternal-infant bonding. Ample evidence suggests breastfeeding can improve child neurodevelopment, but more research is needed to establish whether breastfeeding is linked to the development of child psychopathology. This paper aims to explore the effects of both breastfeeding and mother-child interactions on child behavioral outcomes at a later age. Children from the China Jintan Child Cohort Study (N=1267), at age six years old were assessed, along with their parents. Children who were breastfed exclusively for a period of time in the presence of active bonding were compared to those who were breastfed in the absence of active bonding as well as to children who were not exclusively breastfed, with or without active bonding. Results from ANOVA and GLM, using SPSS20, indicate that children who were breastfed and whose mothers actively engaged with them displayed the lowest risk of internalizing problems (mean=10.01, SD=7.21), while those who were neither exclusively breastfed nor exposed to active bonding had the least protection against later internalizing problems (mean=12.79, SD=8.14). The effect of breastfeeding on internalizing pathology likely represents a biosocial and holistic effect of physiological, and nutritive, and maternal-infant bonding benefits.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.