ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014
Natural history of anal human papillomavirus infection in heterosexual women and risks associated with persistence.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The incidence, clearance and persistence of non-cervical human papillomavirus infections: a systematic review of the literature.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Design and initial findings of a natural history study of anal HPV and associated lesions among young adult women in Costa Rica.International journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- The cervicovaginal microbiome: an emerging determinant of HPV infection and disease.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- A Rare Diagnosis of HPV-Positive Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a 59-Year-Old Heterosexual Woman: Implications for Screening Guidelines.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Understanding HPV-Induced Cancers and Investigating the Barriers Faced by Low- and Middle-Income Countries in Prevention and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the association between lifestyle and cardiovascular health metrics and HPV infection risk: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016 data.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Fibroblasts Regulate the Transformation Potential of Human Papillomavirus-positive Keratinocytes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Age-Specific Prevalence of Anal and Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and High-Grade Lesions in 11 177 Women by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status: A Collaborative Pooled Analysis of 26 Studies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Incidence and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in 16 164 Individuals, According to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, Sex, and Male Sexuality: An International Pooled Analysis of 34 Longitudinal Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Incidence and clearance of oral and cervicogenital HPV infection: longitudinal analysis of the MHOC cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Clinical Effects of Oral Bacteriotherapy on Anal HPV Infection and Related Dysplasia in HIV-Positive MSM: Results from the "HPVinHIV" Trial.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- The relative risk of noncervical high-risk human papillomavirus-related (pre)malignancies after recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3: A population-based study.International journal of cancer · 2020Article
- Investigating epidemiologic trends and the geographic distribution of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma throughout Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2020Article
- Cervical-Vaginal Microbiome and Associated Cytokine Profiles in a Prospective Study of HPV 16 Acquisition, Persistence, and Clearance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Heterosexual oral and anal sex in Kinshasa (D.R.Congo): Data from OKAPI prospective cohort.PloS one · 2019Article
- Seroprevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 6, 11, 16, 18, by Anatomic Site of HPV Infection, in Women Aged 16-64 Years living in the Metropolitan Area of San Juan, Puerto Rico.Puerto Rico health sciences journal · 2018Article
- Anal HPV infection and correlates in HIV-infected patients attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection clinic in Brazil.PloS one · 2018Article
- Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection of the anal canal in women: A prospective analysis of high-risk populations.Oncology letters · 2017Article
- Human papillomavirus (HPV): systemic treatment with Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin safely and effectively clears virus.Drug design, development and therapy · 2017Observational
- Prevalence, genotyping, and correlates of anogenital HPV infection in a population-based sample of women in Puerto Rico.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnal cancer is more common in women than in men, yet little is known about the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women. The objective was to examine the natural history of anal HPV in heterosexual women.
methodsYoung women participating in an HPV cohort study were seen at 4-month intervals for cervical and anal HPV testing. Time to clearance was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier approach; risks for persistence were assessed using Cox regression models.
resultsSeventy-five women (mean age, 23.5 ± 4.1 years) who tested positive for anal HPV were followed for a mean of 84.5 ± 44.9 months. By 3 years, 82.5% of anal non-16 high-risk (HR) HPV, 82.6% of low-risk (LR) HPV, and 76.2% of HPV-16 infections had cleared. By 3 years, only 36.4% of women had become negative for all HPV types. In the multivariable model, concurrent cervical HPV-16 (P < .001), weekly alcohol use (P = .015), anal touching during sex (P = .045), recent anal sex (P = .04), and no condom use during anal sex (P = .04) were associated with HPV-16 persistence. Greater number of new sex partners (P = .024) and condom use during vaginal sex (P = .003) were associated with clearance. Similar associations were found for clearance in all HR-HPV infections. Only concomitant cervical HPV was associated with non-16 HR-HPV persistence.
conclusionsThe majority of anal HPV infections cleared within 3 years. HPV-16 infections were slower to clear than other HR-HPV infections, consistent with its role in anal cancer. Specific sexual behaviors were associated with persistence, suggesting that education and behavioral interventions may decrease persistence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.