ArticleMarine drugs2013
Investigating diet as the source of tetrodotoxin in Pleurobranchaea maculata.
Article in Marine drugs, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Survey of Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) in Gastropods, Sea Urchins, and Blue Crabs from the Adriatic Sea: First Report inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- An Updated Review of Tetrodotoxin and Its Peculiarities.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Marine Neurotoxins' Effects on Environmental and Human Health: An OMICS Overview.Marine drugs · 2021Review
- Hybrid Antibody-Aptamer Assay for Detection of Tetrodotoxin in Pufferfish.Analytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogues inToxins · 2020Article
- Spatial variability and depuration of tetrodotoxin in the bivalveToxicon: X · 2019Article
- Genetic structure of the grey side-gilled sea slug (Pleurobranchaea maculata) in coastal waters of New Zealand.PloS one · 2018Article
- Seasonal Changes in the Tetrodotoxin Content of the Flatworm Planocera multitentaculata.Marine drugs · 2017Article
- Potential Threats Posed by Tetrodotoxins in UK Waters: Examination of Detection Methodology Used in Their Control.Marine drugs · 2015Review
- Bioaccumulation of trace metals in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Mali Ston Bay during DSP toxicity episodes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Article
- Article
- Intracellular immunohistochemical detection of tetrodotoxin in Pleurobranchaea maculata (Gastropoda) and Stylochoplana sp. (Turbellaria).Marine drugs · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The origin of tetrodotoxin (TTX) is highly debated; researchers have postulated either an endogenous or exogenous source with the host accumulating TTX symbiotically or via food chain transmission. The aim of this study was to determine whether the grey side-gilled sea slug (Pleurobranchaea maculata) could obtain TTX from a dietary source, and to attempt to identify this source through environmental surveys. Eighteen non-toxic P. maculata were maintained in aquariums and twelve were fed a TTX-containing diet. Three P. maculata were harvested after 1 h, 24 h, 17 days and 39 days and TTX concentrations in their stomach, gonad, mantle and remaining tissue/fluids determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Tetrodotoxin was detected in all organs/tissue after 1 h with an average uptake of 32%. This decreased throughout the experiment (21%, 15% and 9%, respectively). Benthic surveys at sites with dense populations of toxic P. maculata detected very low or no TTX in other organisms. This study demonstrates that P. maculata can accumulate TTX through their diet. However, based on the absence of an identifiable TTX source in the environment, in concert with the extremely high TTX concentrations and short life spans of P. maculata, it is unlikely to be the sole TTX source for this species.
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