ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2014
Subtypes of cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells infiltrating cancer nests correlate with prognosis in patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor immune infiltration in breast cancer patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Natural Killer Cells in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Targeting Cancer: Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Innovations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Prognostic Model Based on Cisplatin-Resistance Related Genes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Article
- Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Gynecologic Cancers.Cancers · 2023Review
- KLRF1, a novel marker of CD56Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- T-Cell Density at the Invasive Margin and Immune Phenotypes Predict Outcome in Vulvar Squamous Cell Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
- Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of HPV-Associated (Pre-)Cancer of the Cervix, Vulva and Penis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Immune landscape in vulvar cancer-draining lymph nodes indicates distinct immune escape mechanisms in support of metastatic spread and growth.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- NK cell infiltration is associated with improved overall survival in solid cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational oncology · 2021Article
- Is There a Place for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Vulvar Neoplasms? A State of the Art Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- iPSC-derived NK cells maintain high cytotoxicity and enhance in vivo tumor control in concert with T cells and anti-PD-1 therapy.Science translational medicine · 2020Article
- Molecular pathways in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: implications for target therapeutic strategies.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2020Review
- High numbers of activated helper T cells are associated with better clinical outcome in early stage vulvar cancer, irrespective of HPV or p53 status.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
- Review
- Expression of NK Cell Surface Receptors in Breast Cancer Tissue as Predictors of Resistance to Antineoplastic Treatment.Technology in cancer research & treatment · 2018Article
- Tumoral PD-L1 expression defines a subgroup of poor-prognosis vulvar carcinomas with non-viral etiology.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- PD-L1 expression on immune cells is a favorable prognostic factor for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma patients.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Cell-based immunotherapy in stage IIIA inflammatory breast cancer with declining innate immunity following successive chemotherapies: A case report.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAdaptive immune effectors do not influence prognosis in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC). Therefore, we tried to clarify the prognostic role of innate immunity and granzyme B-dependent cytotoxicity as defined by intratumoral infiltrates of natural killer cells (CD56+) and lymphocytes expressing granzyme B (GrB+).
methodsWe analyzed 76 primary vSCCs and 35 lymph node metastases that were obtained from 76 patients with a full clinical history. The distribution and density of GrB+ and CD56+ cells within cancer tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological features, commonly recognized prognostic factors and overall survival (OS).
resultsCD56+ cells were mostly detected within the cancer nests, while GrB+ cells were predominant in the tumor stroma. Intraepithelial (IE) CD56+ infiltrates at the primary site were correlated with depth of invasion (r = 0.339, p = 0.003) and recurrence (r = 0.295, p = 0.011), while IE GrB+ infiltrates were correlated with tumor grade (r = 0.304, p = 0.009) and age (r = 0.333, p = 0.004). The primary cancer nests of metastatic patients were infiltrated more by intraepithelial (IE) CD56+ cells than were those of the non-metastatic patients (p = 0.05). The median OS was 41.16 months (range 1.7-98.43). High IE GrB+ infiltrates predicted longer OS among patients without metastases (p = 0.028). High IE CD56+ infiltrates were correlated with longer OS in metastatic cases (p = 0.009).
conclusionThe combined cytotoxicity of innate and adaptive immune effectors infiltrating cancer nests (IE GrB+) predicts an improved clinical outcome among non-metastatic vSCC patients. The functional status of prognostic IE CD56+ infiltrates in immune escaped (metastatic) tumors requires further investigation.
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