ArticlePloS one2013
Buses, cars, bicycles and walkers: the influence of the type of human transport on the flight responses of waterbirds.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Escape response and perch-site choice in shrikes: effects of human disturbance in Europe and Southeast Asia.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Effects of Varied Stimuli on Escape Behavior Diversification of Himalayan Marmots for Different Human Disturbances.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Estimating setback distances for a threatened, cryptic, data-sparse migratory shorebird.PloS one · 2025Article
- Insights from a 31-year study demonstrate an inverse correlation between recreational activities and red deer fecundity, with bodyweight as a mediator.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Can we use antipredator behavior theory to predict wildlife responses to high-speed vehicles?PloS one · 2022Article
- Scoping Recreational Disturbance of Shorebirds to Inform the Agenda for Research and Management in Tropical Asia.Tropical life sciences research · 2020Article
- Assessing the effects of human activities on the foraging opportunities of migratory shorebirds in Austral high-latitude bays.PloS one · 2019Article
- Refuge or predation risk? Alternate ways to perceive hiker disturbance based on maternal state of female caribou.Ecology and evolution · 2017Article
- Flight initiation by Ferruginous Hawks depends on disturbance type, experience, and the anthropogenic landscape.PloS one · 2017Article
- AvianBuffer: An interactive tool for characterising and managing wildlife fear responses.Ambio · 2016Article
- Nonmotorized recreation and motorized recreation in shrub-steppe habitats affects behavior and reproduction of golden eagles (Ecology and evolution · 2016Article
- Article
- Variation at the DRD4 locus is associated with wariness and local site selection in urban black swans.BMC evolutionary biology · 2015Article
- Article
- Pro-environmental beach driving is uncommon and ineffective in reducing disturbance to beach-dwelling birds.Environmental management · 2014Article
- Comparative analysis of classic brain component sizes in relation to flightiness in birds.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One way to manage disturbance to waterbirds in natural areas where humans require access is to promote the occurrence of stimuli for which birds tolerate closer approaches, and so cause fewer responses. We conducted 730 experimental approaches to 39 species of waterbird, using five stimulus types (single walker, three walkers, bicycle, car and bus) selected to mimic different human management options available for a controlled access, Ramsar-listed wetland. Across species, where differences existed (56% of 25 cases), motor vehicles always evoked shorter flight-initiation distances (FID) than humans on foot. The influence of stimulus type on FID varied across four species for which enough data were available for complete cross-stimulus analysis. All four varied FID in relation to stimuli, differing in 4 to 7 of 10 possible comparisons. Where differences occurred, the effect size was generally modest, suggesting that managing stimulus type (e.g. by requiring people to use vehicles) may have species-specific, modest benefits, at least for the waterbirds we studied. However, different stimulus types have different capacities to reduce the frequency of disturbance (i.e. by carrying more people) and vary in their capacity to travel around important habitat.
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