ReviewFrontiers in neurology2013
Hypokinesia upon Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation of Dystonia: Support of a GABAergic Mechanism.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Speech and Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease, Essential Tremor, and Dystonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Pooled it
- Long-Term Outcomes on Pallidal Neurostimulation for Dystonia: A Controlled, Prospective 10-Year Follow-Up.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Trial
- Frequency-dependent modulation of evoked potentials during GPi-DBS in pediatric dystonia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- GABAergic Modulation in Movement Related Oscillatory Activity: A Review of the Effect Pharmacologically and with Aging.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Review
- Therapeutic Update on Huntington's Disease: Symptomatic Treatments and Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Review
- Deep Brain Stimulation in Huntington's Disease-Preliminary Evidence on Pathophysiology, Efficacy and Safety.Brain sciences · 2016Review
- A novel combinational approach of microstimulation and bioluminescence imaging to study the mechanisms of action of cerebral electrical stimulation in mice.The Journal of physiology · 2015Article
- Full Parkinsonian Triad Induced by Pallidal High-Frequency Stimulation in Cervical Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the past, many studies have documented the beneficial effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the globus pallidus internus for treatment of primary segmental or generalized dystonia. Recently however, several reports focused on DBS-induced hypokinesia or freezing of gait (FOG) as a side effect in these patients. Here we report on two patients suffering from FOG after successful treatment of their dystonic movement disorder with pallidal high frequency stimulation (HFS). Several attempts to reduce the FOG resulted in worsening of the control of dystonia. In one patient levodopa treatment was initialized which was somewhat successful to relieve FOG. We discuss the possible mechanisms of hypokinetic side effects of pallidal DBS which can be explained by the hypothesis of selective GABA release as the mode of action of HFS. Pallidal HFS is also effective in treating idiopathic Parkinson's disease as a hypokinetic disorder which at first sight seems to be a paradox. In our view, however, the GABAergic hypothesis can explain this and other clinical observations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.