Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24367093›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014

Comparison of explicit and incidental learning strategies in memory-impaired patients.

Christine N Smith, Zhisen J Urgolites, Ramona O Hopkins, Larry R Squire

Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Fast mapping rapidly integrates information into existing memory networks.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2014
    Trial
  3. Semantic Representational Strength in the Precuneus and Lateral ATL Predicts Successful Factual Learning.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Perirhinal circuits for memory processing.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2019
    Review
  9. Observational
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Learning and using knowledge about what other people do and don't know despite amnesia.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2017
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Remembering Preservation in Hippocampal Amnesia.Annual review of psychology · 2016
    Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Christine N SmithVeterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161.
Zhisen J Urgolites
Ramona O Hopkins
Larry R Squire
VA San Diego Healthcare System · USBrigham Young University · USUniversity of California, San Diego · US

Funding

VIRUS-INDUCED BRAIN PATHOLOGYP50AG005131 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BREWER, JAMES B · 1985 to 2018
$55.4M
MEMORY SYSTEMS OF THE MAMMALIAN BRAINR01MH024600 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SQUIRE, LARRY R · 1985 to 2020
$10.0M
MEMORY AS AFFECTED IN INJURY, DISEASE, AND ECTR37MH024600 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO · PI SQUIRE, LARRY R · 1990 to 1999
–
NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005131NIMH NIH HHS MH24600NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH024600NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH024600
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Declarative memory for rapidly learned, novel associations is thought to depend on structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), whereas associations learned more gradually can sometimes be supported by nondeclarative memory and by structures outside the MTL. A recent study suggested that even rapidly learned associations can be supported by structures outside the MTL when an incidental encoding procedure termed "fast mapping" (FM) is used. We tested six memory-impaired patients with bilateral damage to hippocampus and one patient with large bilateral lesions of the MTL. Participants saw photographs and names of animals, plants, and foods that were previously unfamiliar (e.g., mangosteen). Instead of asking participants to study name-object pairings for a later memory test (as with traditional memory instructions), participants answered questions that allowed them to infer which object corresponded to a particular name. In a second condition, participants learned name-object associations of unfamiliar items by using standard, explicit encoding instructions (e.g., remember the mangosteen). In FM and explicit encoding conditions, patients were impaired (and performed no better than a group that was given the same tests but had not previously studied the material). The same results were obtained in a second experiment that used the same procedures with modifications to allow for more robust learning and more reliable measures of performance. Thus, our results with the FM procedure and memory-impaired patients yielded the same deficits in learning and memory that have been obtained by using other more traditional paradigms.

Indexed as

LearningMemoryAdultAgedConcept FormationFemaleHippocampusHumansLanguageMaleMemory DisordersMiddle AgedPattern Recognition, VisualRecognition, PsychologyTemporal Lobeamnesialong-term memory

Identifiers

PMID24367093
PMCPMC3890873
OpenAlexW2006899063

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.