ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2014
Multiple classes of antiviral agents exhibit in vitro activity against human rhinovirus type C.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase as a target of pathogens-friend or foe?FEBS letters · 2026Review
- A designed peptide disrupting viral protease cleavage restores cGAS-DNA phase separation and type I interferon responses.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A robust cell-based infection model for Rhinovirus C research and antiviral drug discovery.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Roles of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) and protein citrullination in viral infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Advances in the Treatment of Enterovirus-D68 and Rhinovirus Respiratory Infections.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Hidden in plain sight: the impact of human rhinovirus infection in adults.Respiratory research · 2025Review
- In Vitro Model to Test Therapeutic Agents Against Rhinovirus Infection.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Inositol metabolism as a broad-spectrum antiviral target.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Advances and Challenges in Antiviral Development for Respiratory Viruses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Meeting report of the 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024, organized by the International Society for Antiviral Research.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Phytochemicals: Promising Inhibitors of Human Rhinovirus Type 14 3C Protease as a Strategy to Fight the Common Cold.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Review
- Sports Participation and Anti-Epidemic: Empirical Evidence on the Influence of Regular Physical Activity on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mainland China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Review
- Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2021Review
- Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade?Annual reports in medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Structure of the HRV-C 3C-Rupintrivir Complex Provides New Insights for Inhibitor Design.Virologica Sinica · 2020Article
- Reporter Replicons for Antiviral Drug Discovery against Positive Single-Stranded RNA Viruses.Viruses · 2020Review
- Are Community Acquired Respiratory Viral Infections an Underestimated Burden in Hematology Patients?Microorganisms · 2019Review
- Treatment of signs and symptoms of the common cold using EPs 7630 - results of a meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human rhinovirus type C (HRV-C) is a newly discovered enterovirus species frequently associated with exacerbation of asthma and other acute respiratory conditions. Until recently, HRV-C could not be propagated in vitro, hampering in-depth characterization of the virus replication cycle and preventing efficient testing of antiviral agents. Herein we describe several subgenomic RNA replicon systems and a cell culture infectious model for HRV-C that can be used for antiviral screening. The replicon constructs consist of genome sequences from HRVc15, HRVc11, HRVc24, and HRVc25 strains, with the P1 capsid region replaced by a Renilla luciferase coding sequence. Following transfection of the replicon RNA into HeLa cells, the constructs produced time-dependent increases in luciferase signal that can be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by known inhibitors of HRV replication, including the 3C protease inhibitor rupintrivir, the nucleoside analog inhibitor MK-0608, and the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4K-IIIβ) kinase inhibitor PIK93. Furthermore, with the exception of pleconaril and pirodavir, the other tested classes of HRV inhibitors blocked the replication of full-length HRVc15 and HRVc11 in human airway epithelial cells (HAEs) that were differentiated in the air-liquid interface, exhibiting antiviral activities similar to those observed with HRV-16. In summary, this study is the first comprehensive profiling of multiple classes of antivirals against HRV-C, and the set of newly developed quantitative HRV-C antiviral assays represent indispensable tools for the identification and evaluation of novel panserotype HRV inhibitors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.