ReviewActa neuropathologica2014
The neuropathology of sport.
Review in Acta neuropathologica, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 412 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurodegenerative Disease and Association Football (NDAF): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Physical activity interventions for post-stroke cognitive recovery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of comparative effects.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of differentially expressed circulatory micro-RNAs in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other tauopathies: A significant role of miR-181c-5p.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Pooled it
- Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for early-onset dementia: a systematic review.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and neurocognitive disorders in professional and varsity athletes.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Can Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Apolipoprotein e4 Carriers? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Coordinating Global Multi-Site Studies of Military-Relevant Traumatic Brain Injury: Opportunities, Challenges, and Harmonization Guidelines.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: A Narrative Review.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Review
- The Adult Neurogenesis Theory of Alzheimer's Disease Predicts Where Tauopathy Develops in the Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion: Modern Pathophysiological Insights, Diagnostic Advances, and Active Management Protocols.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Regional ventricular enlargement as an in vivo biomarker of cumulative biomechanical neurodegeneration in former American football players.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Bioenergetics of the combat sports brain: Between risk and resilience.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- CTE has multiple pathologic variants that might relate to different clinical symptom presentation.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Advancing biomarker development for chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Summary and recommendations from the 2025 Leon Thal Summit.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Optimizing exercise for brain health: cortical activation and connectivity across different exercise modalities.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Pontine pathology mediates common symptoms of blast-induced chronic mild traumatic brain injury.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Dose-dependent white matter changes associated with repetitive head impacts in former American football players.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Proteomic analysis of human chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain implicates proteasome and ribosome dysfunction in disease severity.Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Article
- Roles of Microglia in Synaptogenesis, Synaptic Pruning, and Synaptic Plasticity in Physiological Conditions and Central Nervous System Disorders.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Genetic variation in TMEM106B alters microglial activation and cytokine responses in chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The benefits of regular exercise, physical fitness and sports participation on cardiovascular and brain health are undeniable. Physical activity reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and stroke, and produces beneficial effects on cholesterol levels, antioxidant systems, inflammation, and vascular function. Exercise also enhances psychological health, reduces age-related loss of brain volume, improves cognition, reduces the risk of developing dementia, and impedes neurodegeneration. Nonetheless, the play of sports is associated with risks, including a risk for mild TBI (mTBI) and, rarely, catastrophic traumatic injury and death. There is also growing awareness that repetitive mTBIs, such as concussion and subconcussion, can occasionally produce persistent cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric problems as well as lead to the development of a neurodegeneration, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In this review, we summarize the beneficial aspects of sports participation on psychological, emotional, physical and cognitive health, and specifically analyze some of the less common adverse neuropathological outcomes, including concussion, second-impact syndrome, juvenile head trauma syndrome, catastrophic sudden death, and CTE. CTE is a latent neurodegeneration clinically associated with behavioral changes, executive dysfunction and cognitive impairments, and pathologically characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy, neuronal and axonal loss, and abnormal deposits of paired helical filament (PHF)-tau and 43 kDa TAR deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding protein (TDP-43). CTE often occurs as a sole diagnosis, but may be associated with other neurodegenerative disorders, including motor neuron disease (CTE-MND). Although the incidence and prevalence of CTE are not known, CTE has been reported most frequently in American football players and boxers. Other sports associated with CTE include ice hockey, professional wrestling, soccer, rugby, and baseball.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.