ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2014
Treatment of refractory angina in patients not suitable for revascularization.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT03991871 (HARapan kiTa ECP), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
HARapan kiTa ECP (External Counter Pulsation) Study HARTEC Study
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of Guanxin Shutong capsule in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A comprehensive meta-analysis of stem cell therapy for chronic angina.Clinical cardiology · 2018Pooled it
- Impact of Cell Therapy on Myocardial Perfusion and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Angina Refractory to Medical Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Circulation research · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A novel method to interpret early phase trials shows how the narrowing of the coronary sinus concordantly improves symptoms, functional status and quality of life in refractory angina.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2021Trial
- Adenoviral intramyocardial VEGF-DΔNΔC gene transfer increases myocardial perfusion reserve in refractory angina patients: a phase I/IIa study with 1-year follow-up.European heart journal · 2017Trial
- The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina (RASCAL Study): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2016Trial
- Efficacy of a device to narrow the coronary sinus in refractory angina.The New England journal of medicine · 2015Trial
- Enhanced External Counterpulsation Versus Standard Medical Therapy for Chronic Refractory Angina: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Refractory angina: mechanisms and stratified treatment in obstructive and non-obstructive chronic myocardial ischaemic syndromes.European heart journal · 2025Review
- Prospective evaluation of spinal cord stimulation in refractory angina: insights from a single-center cohort.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Coronary Sinus Reducer Therapy for Refractory Angina and its Role in Modern Interventional Practice: A Contemporary Review.Interventional cardiology (London, England) · 2024Review
- Expanding the Paradigm for Cardiovascular Palliative Care.Circulation · 2023Review
- Design and rationale of the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in patients with refractory angina pectoris (SCRAP) trial.Clinical cardiology · 2023Article
- BMP2 gene transfer induces pericardial effusion and inflammatory response in the ischemic porcine myocardium.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Refractory angina pectoris: a 20-year (2003-2022) bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Neuromodulation in patients with refractory angina pectoris: a review.European heart journal open · 2023Review
- Contemporary Management of Refractory Angina.Interventional cardiology clinics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A growing number of patients, particularly those with advanced, chronic coronary artery disease, experience symptoms of angina that are refractory to treatment with β-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and long-acting nitrates, despite revascularization. The management of patients with refractory angina who are unsuitable for further revascularization is strikingly different across the world, and is contingent on local resources and available expertise. Mortality in this patient population has decreased, but enhancing quality of life remains a challenge. New treatment principles are emerging in current practice, such as metabolic modulation, therapeutic angiogenesis, and novel interventional techniques (coronary in-flow redistribution and approaches to chronic total occlusion). The contemporary management of refractory angina encourages individualized, patient-centred care in interdisciplinary, specialized clinics. Global initiatives are required to address complex clinical problem-solving for patients with refractory angina. In this Review, we discuss the epidemiology of refractory angina, and provide an update on the pharmacological, noninvasive, and interventional options that are available to these patients or are under development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.