Trial reportExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2013
Smokers versus snorters: do treatment outcomes differ according to route of cocaine administration?
Trial report in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contingency management targeting abstinence is effective in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms among crack cocaine-dependent individuals.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Development of a translational model to screen medications for cocaine use disorder II: Choice between intravenous cocaine and money in humans.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- In-dwelling microfluidic device for precise and reliable intranasal drug delivery during freely moving behavior.Lab animal · 2026Article
- From dust till dawn: patterns, motives, and risks of using smokable synthetic cathinones.Harm reduction journal · 2026Observational
- Article
- Cingulate cortical thickness in cocaine use disorder: mediation effect between early life stress and cocaine consumption.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2024Article
- A preliminary evaluation of N-acetylcysteine's effects on patient adherence to treatment for cocaine use disorder.The mental health clinician · 2023Article
- Sex differences in brain regional homogeneity during acute abstinence in cocaine use disorder.Addiction biology · 2022Article
- The Perceptions of Women About Their High Experience of Using Crack Cocaine.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Associations amongst form of cocaine used (powder vs crack vs both) and HIV-related outcomes.Addictive behaviors reports · 2021Article
- Impulsivity in cocaine users compared to matched controls: Effects of sex and preferred route of cocaine use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- White matter deficits in cocaine use disorder: convergent evidence from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo proteomic analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Pharmacological validation of a translational model of cocaine use disorder: Effects of d-amphetamine maintenance on choice between intravenous cocaine and a nondrug alternative in humans and rhesus monkeys.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Multimodal neurocognitive markers of interoceptive tuning in smoked cocaine.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- The effects of oral d-amphetamine on impulsivity in smoked and intranasal cocaine users.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking cocaine achieves maximal concentration and effect far more rapidly than through the intranasal ("snorting") route, and it is associated with greater propensity for dependence and more severe consequences. However, very little is known about differences in treatment outcome according to route of administration. This study compared treatment outcomes, such as frequency of cocaine use and Addiction Severity Index (ASI) composite scores, by primary route of cocaine administration (smoking vs. intranasal) among a pooled sample of 412 cocaine-dependent individuals participating in 1 of 5 randomized clinical trials. The majority (80%) reported smoking as their primary route of cocaine administration. Overall, results indicated better cocaine use outcomes both during the treatment phase and through a 12-month follow-up period for intranasal users compared to smokers, although not all differences reached statistical significance. Intranasal users remained in treatment longer, F(1, 408) = 3.55, p < .05, and showed a trend toward achieving longer periods of sustained abstinence within treatment, F(1, 378) = 2.68, p = .08, as well as less use over time during the follow-up period than smokers (Time × Route: t = 1.87, p = .06). Also, intranasal users' ASI cocaine composite score decreased more than smokers, but there were overall decreases in the other ASI domains for all participants over the course of the study period. These results suggest that intranasal users may achieve better cocaine use outcomes than smokers, yet this doesn't appear to translate to differential changes in the severity of problems experienced in other life areas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.