ArticleNature immunology2014
CD1a-autoreactive T cells recognize natural skin oils that function as headless antigens.
Article in Nature immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sideways lipid presentation by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1c.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sideways lipid presentation by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1c.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- CD1a and Lipids as Mediators of T Cell Activation in the Skin.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Risk Factors of Rosacea Exacerbation Associated with COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: A Cross-sectional Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Post-Translational Modified Neoantigens in Autoimmune Diseases: Challenges of Immune Tolerance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- B cell-expressed CD1d promotes MPL/TDCM lipid emulsion adjuvant effects in polysaccharide vaccines.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- CD1-restricted T cells: are unconventional allies the key to future TB vaccines?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Unconventional T cells in anti-cancer immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Incorporating immune cell surrogates into a full-thickness tissue equivalent of human skin to characterize dendritic cell activation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lipidomic scanning of self-lipids identifies headless antigens for natural killer T cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- A structural perspective of how T cell receptors recognize the CD1 family of lipid antigen-presenting molecules.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Review
- CD1a and skin T cells: a pathway for therapeutic intervention.Clinical and experimental dermatology · 2024Review
- Human Skin T Cells Express Conserved T-Cell Receptors that Cross-React with Staphylococcal Superantigens and CD1a.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2024Article
- Differences in cell subsets between sun-exposed and unexposed skin: preliminary single-cell sequencing and biological analysis from a single case.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Keratinocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles supply antigens for CD1a-resticted T cells and promote their type 2 bias in the context of filaggrin insufficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- CD1a and bound lipids drive T-cell responses in human skin disease.European journal of immunology · 2023Review
- CD1-mediated immune responses in mucosal tissues: molecular mechanisms underlying lipid antigen presentation system.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- CD1 displays its own negative regulators.Current opinion in immunology · 2023Review
- MAITs and their mates: "Innate-like" behaviors in conventional and unconventional T cells.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
T cells autoreactive to the antigen-presenting molecule CD1a are common in human blood and skin, but the search for natural autoantigens has been confounded by background T cell responses to CD1 proteins and self lipids. After capturing CD1a-lipid complexes, we gently eluted ligands while preserving non-ligand-bound CD1a for testing lipids from tissues. CD1a released hundreds of ligands of two types. Inhibitory ligands were ubiquitous membrane lipids with polar head groups, whereas stimulatory compounds were apolar oils. We identified squalene and wax esters, which naturally accumulate in epidermis and sebum, as autoantigens presented by CD1a. The activation of T cells by skin oils suggested that headless mini-antigens nest within CD1a and displace non-antigenic resident lipids with large head groups. Oily autoantigens naturally coat the surface of the skin; thus, this points to a previously unknown mechanism of barrier immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.