ReviewCNS drugs2014
Neurological and psychiatric adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs.
Review in CNS drugs, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among pediatric patients living with HIV in sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Mental health interventions for persons living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Pooled it
- High efavirenz levels but not neurofilament light plasma levels are associated with poor neurocognitive functioning in asymptomatic HIV patients.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Trial
- Neuropsychiatric adverse events in people with HIV initiating a new integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimen in Italy: findings from the NEURO-INSTI study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Pinosylvin: A Multifunctional Stilbenoid with Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Prevalence and correlates of common mental disorders in people living with HIV in primary health care facilities in Ekurhuleni district.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2024Article
- PBPK Modeling of Lamotrigine and Efavirenz during Pregnancy: Implications for Personalized Dosing and Drug-Drug Interaction Management.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral drugs from multiple classes induce loss of excitatory synapses between hippocampal neurons in culture.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Viral infections in etiology of mental disorders: a broad analysis of cytokine profile similarities - a narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Inflammatory mechanisms contributing to retinal alterations in HIV infection and long-term ART.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Review
- Mechanisms underlying HIV-associated cognitive impairment and emerging therapies for its management.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Antiviral Effect of 5'-Arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine Derivatives in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Integrase Inhibitors are Associated with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Women with HIV.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of combination antiretroviral therapy with risk of neurological diseases in patients with HIV/AIDS in Taiwan: a nested case-control study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral drugs efavirenz, dolutegravir and bictegravir dysregulate blood-brain barrier integrity and function.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances among people on long-term efavirenz-based treatment for HIV: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- HIV-Proteins-Associated CNS Neurotoxicity, Their Mediators, and Alternative Treatments.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antiretroviral drugs are associated with a variety of adverse effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric adverse events is highly variable, with differences between the antiretroviral classes and amongst the individual drugs in each class. In the developing world, where the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) stavudine remains a commonly prescribed antiretroviral, peripheral neuropathy is an important complication of treatment. Importantly, this clinical entity is often difficult to distinguish from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Several clinical trials have addressed the efficacy of various agents in the treatment of NRTI-induced neurotoxicity. NRTI-induced neurotoxicity is caused by inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase. This mechanism is also responsible for the mitochondrial myopathy and lactic acidosis that occur with zidovudine. NRTIs, particularly zidovudine and abacavir, may also cause central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, including mania and psychosis. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) efavirenz is perhaps the antiretroviral most commonly associated with CNS toxicity, causing insomnia, irritability and vivid dreams. Recent studies have suggested that the risk of developing these adverse effects is increased in patients with various cytochrome P450 2B6 alleles. Protease inhibitors cause perioral paraesthesias and may indirectly increase the relative risk of stroke by promoting atherogenesis. HIV integrase inhibitors, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) inhibitors and fusion inhibitors rarely cause neuropsychiatric manifestations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.