ReviewCurrent opinion in lipidology2014
Metaorganismal nutrient metabolism as a basis of cardiovascular disease.
Review in Current opinion in lipidology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Egg Consumption on Gastrointestinal Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- A Paleolithic diet lowers resistant starch intake but does not affect serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations in healthy women.The British journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- SYNbiotics Easing Renal failure by improving Gut microbiologY (SYNERGY): a protocol of placebo-controlled randomised cross-over trial.BMC nephrology · 2014Trial
- Important bioactives carnitine and betaine in milk and dairy products: a systematic review based on text mining and topic analysis.Food science of animal resources · 2026Article
- Urinary metabolites and fatigue in a population-based metabolomics study: an exploratory analysis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Mechanisms of Trimethylamine Oxide and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Tanshinone regulated gut microbiota and TMAO to improve high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis in APOEBMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Related Metabolites: Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in the Dallas Heart Study.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2024Article
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: the Promise of High-Density Lipoproteins.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Atlas of gut microbe-derived products from aromatic amino acids and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.European heart journal · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Trimethylamine N-Oxide Contributes to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Through Inflammatory and Apoptotic Mechanisms.Circulation · 2023Article
- Berberine treats atherosclerosis via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway in gut microbiota.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Article
- Choline diet improves serum lipid parameters and alters egg composition in breeder ducks.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Gut microbiota production of trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid reduces fatty acid oxidation and accelerates cardiac hypertrophy.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Metabolomic and microbiome profiling reveals personalized risk factors for coronary artery disease.Nature medicine · 2022Article
- Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Comparative genomics and proteomics of Eubacterium maltosivorans: functional identification of trimethylamine methyltransferases and bacterial microcompartments in a human intestinal bacterium with a versatile lifestyle.Environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Changes in Trimethylamine-N-oxide Levels in Obese Patients following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Korean Obesity Surgical Treatment Study (KOBESS).Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Targeting TMAO and its metabolic pathway for cardiovascular diseases treatment.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Article
- Sex differences in the intestinal microbiome: interactions with risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.Biology of sex differences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewAtherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in Western societies. It is well accepted that the consumption of foods abundant in saturated fats and cholesterol, like meats, egg yolk and high-fat dairy products, are associated with increased CVD risk. New evidence suggests that trimethylamine (TMA)-containing nutrients within these foods, including phosphatidylcholine, choline, and L-carnitine, can enter into a microbial metabolic pathway that promotes CVD. In this review, we highlight the role of gut microbiota-driven nutrient metabolism as a novel pathway promoting CVD. RECENT
findingsRecent studies demonstrate a link between ingestion of dietary phosphatidylcholine, choline, and L-carnitine and CVD risk. At the center of this pathway is gut microbiota-dependent synthesis of a metabolic intermediate called TMA, and subsequent host-driven conversion of TMA to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Microbiota-dependent generation of TMAO is associated with increased risk of incident major adverse cardiovascular events in humans, and provision of TMAO promotes atherosclerosis in mice. SUMMARY: Microbial metabolism of TMA containing nutrients can lead to formation of the proatherogenic compound TMAO. Recent insights into this diet-microbe-host interaction provide new clues surrounding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and may serve as a framework for new CVD therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.