ArticleAnesthesia and analgesia2014
Spinal cord stimulation reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and glial cell activation in animals with neuropathic pain.
Article in Anesthesia and analgesia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spinal Cord Stimulation for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of High- and Low-Frequency Modalities.Pain research & management · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Stimulation: Linking Dorsal Horn Circuits, Glia, and ECAP-Guided Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuromodulation Techniques Alleviating Neuropathic Pain by Targeting Microglia: A Narrative Review.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Differential target multiplexed SCS (DTM SCS): a rational hypothesis.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Applications of Conductive Biomaterials in Spinal Cord Injury Repair.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- Spinal Cord Stimulation: Mechanisms of Action, Indications, Types, Complications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation in Chronic Pain Management: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Emerging Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Activity of spinal RORβ neurons is related to functional improvements following combination treatment after complete SCI.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Can Spinal Cord Stimulation be Considered as a Frontier for Chronic Pain in Diabetic Foot?Pain and therapy · 2025Review
- Characterization of preclinical models to investigate spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pain reports · 2025Review
- Spinal Cord Stimulation Waveforms for the Treatment of Chronic Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Cervical spinal cord stimulation exerts anti-epileptic effects in a rat model of epileptic seizure through the suppression of CCL2-mediated cascades.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Narrative Review of the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord Mechanisms of Action of Neuromodulation Therapies in Neuropathic Pain.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Evoked compound action potential (ECAP)-controlled closed-loop spinal cord stimulation in an experimental model of neuropathic pain in rats.Bioelectronic medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Olfactory ensheathing cells and neuropathic pain.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Advances in Pain Medicine: a Review of New Technologies.Current pain and headache reports · 2022Review
- Involvement of Opioid Peptides in the Analgesic Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Article
- The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice.Journal of pain research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is commonly used for neuropathic pain; the optimal variables and mechanisms of action are unclear. We tested whether modulation of SCS variables improved analgesia in animals with neuropathic pain by comparing 6-hour vs 30-minute duration and 50%, 75%, or 90% motor threshold (MT) intensity (amplitude). Furthermore, we examined whether maximally effective SCS reduced glial activation in the spinal cord in neuropathic animals.
methodsSprague-Dawley rats received the spared nerve injury model and were implanted with an epidural SCS lead. Animals were tested for mechanical withdrawal threshold of the paw before and 2 weeks after spared nerve injury, before and after SCS daily for 4 days, and 1, 4, and 9 days after SCS. Spinal cords were examined for the effects of SCS on glial cell activation.
resultsThe mechanical withdrawal threshold decreased, and glial immunoreactivity increased 2 weeks after spared nerve injury. For duration, 6-hour SCS significantly increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold when compared with 30-minute SCS or sham SCS; 30-minute SCS was greater than sham SCS. For intensity (amplitude), 90% MT SCS significantly increased the withdrawal threshold when compared with 75% MT SCS, 50% MT SCS, and sham SCS. Both 4 and 60 Hz SCS decreased glial activation (GFAP, MCP-1, and OX-42) in the spinal cord dorsal horn when compared with sham.
conclusionsSix-hour duration SCS with 90% MT showed the largest increase in mechanical withdrawal threshold, suggesting that the variables of stimulation are important for clinical effectiveness. One potential mechanism for SCS may be to reduce glial activation at the level of the spinal cord.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.