ArticleAIDS (London, England)2014
Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy is associated with higher levels of residual HIV-1 viremia.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among People Living with HIV/AIDS: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2020Pooled it
- High Current CD4+ T Cell Count Predicts Suboptimal Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives on Persistent HIV-1 Low-Level Viremia.Infection & chemotherapy · 2026Review
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- The nine-year trajectory of suicidal ideation and its risk factors among people living with HIV in Hunan, China: a cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- A Guide to the Evolving Clinical Landscape of Low-Level Viremia Among Persons with HIV in the Modern Treatment Era.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Association of experienced stigma in healthcare settings with health outcomes among Black women living with HIV: Mediating roles of internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and trust in HIV care.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Article
- Advances in HIV Treatment and Vaccine Development: Emerging Therapies and Breakthrough Strategies for Long-Term Control.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Review
- Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate Adherence Benchmarks in Dried Blood Spots for Persons With HIV Receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy (QUANTI-TAF).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Observational
- Sirolimus reduces T cell cycling, immune checkpoint marker expression, and HIV-1 DNA in people with HIV.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Low Level Viremia Is Associated With Serious non-AIDS Events in People With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- HIV status affects PTSD symptom severity, psychophysiology, and heart rate variability in women with low but not high exposure to childhood maltreatment.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Virological non-suppression and associated factors among adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at selected health facilities in uMgungundlovu district of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Beyond Undetectable: Modeling the Clinical Benefit of Improved Antiretroviral Adherence in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With Virologic Suppression.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Influencing factors and adverse outcomes of virologic rebound states in anti-retroviral-treated individuals with HIV infection.Journal of virus eradication · 2023Review
- Incomplete Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Is Associated with Lower CD4-CD8 Ratio in Virally Suppressed Patients with HIV Infection in Mexico.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
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1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the relationship between incomplete antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and levels of residual HIV-1 viremia.
designMedication adherence and residual viremia less than 50 copies/ml were quantified in participants of a cohort of homeless and marginally housed individuals with HIV/AIDS.
methodsParticipants had at least 6 months of virologic suppression of less than 50 copies/ml and were in the adherence monitoring cohort with monthly unannounced pill counts. Residual viremia was measured by the single-copy assay.
resultsThe median average ART adherence over the prior 1 and 2 months were 94% [interquartile range (IQR) 79-100%] and 93% (IQR 82-98%), respectively. Average ART adherence over the past 2 months was significantly associated with levels of residual HIV viremia (Spearman r = -0.25, P = 0.04). One-third of participants with 100% ART adherence over the past 2 months had detectable residual viremia. On multivariate regression analysis, ART adherence over the past 2 months, but not duration of virologic suppression, CD4 T-cell count or ART regimen, was significantly associated with levels of residual HIV viremia. Detectable residual viremia was associated with virologic failure (>50 copies/ml) on univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis (hazard ratio 2.08, P = 0.02). However, on multivariate analysis, only ART adherence was associated with risk of virologic failure.
conclusionIncomplete ART adherence is associated with higher levels of residual HIV-1 viremia, but detectable residual viremia can be present despite 100% measured ART adherence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.