ArticleBiological psychiatry2014
In vivo evidence for β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit upregulation in smokers as compared with nonsmokers with schizophrenia.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05105542 (Muscarinic M1 Receptor Availability and Cognition in Schizophrenia), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Muscarinic M1 Receptor Availability and Cognition in Schizophrenia
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholinergic system in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2016Pooled it
- Nicotinic modulation of salience network connectivity and centrality in schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatric research · 2017Trial
- Lower Muscarinic MBiological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Investigation of varenicline and tropisetron in latent inhibition and novel object recognition in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mapping Neurochemical Signatures onto Brain Structure for Neurotransmitter-Informed Discrimination of Schizophrenia Patients from Healthy Controls.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Imaging the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter in Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Tomography Study Using [Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Mapping Brain Synergy Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Understanding Individual Differences and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- How can I measure brain acetylcholine levels in vivo? Advantages and caveats of commonly used approaches.Journal of neurochemistry · 2023Review
- Neurobiological Mechanisms of Nicotine Reward and Aversion.Pharmacological reviews · 2022Review
- Lower cholinergic basal forebrain volumes link with cognitive difficulties in schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Addiction-related neuroadaptations following chronic nicotine exposure.Journal of neurochemistry · 2021Review
- The Impact of Adolescent Alcohol Exposure on Nicotine Behavioral Sensitization in the Adult Male Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesion Rat.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Approved and emerging smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A narrative review.Health psychology research · 2020Article
- The role of nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission in delusional thinking.NPJ schizophrenia · 2020Review
- Desformylflustrabromine, a positive allosteric modulator of α4β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, enhances cognition in rats.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2020Article
- Tobacco smoking, related harm and motivation to quit smoking in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Health psychology research · 2020Article
- Hippocampal α7 nicotinic ACh receptors contribute to modulation of depression-like behaviour in C57BL/6J mice.British journal of pharmacology · 2018Article
- CHRFAM7A gene expression in schizophrenia: clinical correlates and the effect of antipsychotic treatment.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2018Article
- Minimal effects of prolonged smoking abstinence or resumption on cognitive performance challenge the "self-medication" hypothesis in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia is associated with very high rates of tobacco smoking. The latter may be related to an attempt to self-medicate symptoms and/or to alterations in function of high-affinity β2-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (β2*-nAChRs).
methodsSmoking and nonsmoking subjects with schizophrenia (n=31) and age-, smoking-, and sex-matched comparison subjects (n=31) participated in one [123I]5-IA-85380 single photon emission computed tomography scan to quantify β2*-nAChR availability. Psychiatric, cognitive, nicotine craving, and mood assessments were obtained during active smoking, as well as smoking abstinence.
resultsThere were no differences in smoking characteristics between smokers with and without schizophrenia. Subjects with schizophrenia had lower β2*-nAChR availability relative to comparison group, and nonsmokers had lower β2*-nAChR availability relative to smokers. However, there was no smoking by diagnosis interaction. Relative to nonsmokers with schizophrenia, smokers with schizophrenia had higher β2*-nAChR availability in limited brain regions. In smokers with schizophrenia, higher β2*-nAChR availability was associated with lower negative symptoms of schizophrenia and better performance on tests of executive control. Chronic exposure to antipsychotic drugs was not associated with changes in β2*-nAChR availability in schizophrenia.
conclusionsAlthough subjects with schizophrenia have lower β2*-nAChR availability relative to comparison group, smokers with schizophrenia appear to upregulate in the cortical regions. Lower receptor availability in smokers with schizophrenia in the cortical regions is associated with a greater number of negative symptoms and worse performance on tests of executive function, suggesting smoking subjects with schizophrenia who upregulate to a lesser degree may be at risk for poorer outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.