ArticlePloS one2013
B cell responses to HIV antigen are a potent correlate of viremia in HIV-1 infection and improve with PD-1 blockade.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating and intrahepatic antiviral B cells are defective in hepatitis B.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Trial
- Distinct genital tract HIV-specific antibody profiles associated with tenofovir gel.Mucosal immunology · 2016Trial
- Investigation of the infection route of HIV-associated cytomegalovirus retinitis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- B cell dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2021Review
- Comparisons of Underlying Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy and Safety Between Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy: The State-of-the-Art Review and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- The role of the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 pathway, regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in tumor immunity: a narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Review
- Article
- B Cells in Patients With Melanoma: Implications for Treatment With Checkpoint Inhibitor Antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The Role of PD-1 in Acute and Chronic Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Role of the tumor microenvironment in PD-L1/PD-1-mediated tumor immune escape.Molecular cancer · 2019Review
- The Role Of PD-1/PD-L1 Axis In Treg Development And Function: Implications For Cancer Immunotherapy.OncoTargets and therapy · 2019Review
- Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways in cancer immunotherapy.Advances in cancer research · 2019Review
- Immune Checkpoints as the Immune System Regulators and Potential Biomarkers in HIV-1 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Evidence of CD4Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Chronic HIV-1 Infection Impairs Superantigen-Induced Activation of Peripheral CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ Cells, With Relative Preservation of Recall Antigen-Specific Responses.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Accumulation of CD5Clinical and experimental medicine · 2016Article
- Signaling pathway and dysregulation of PD1 and its ligands in lymphoid malignancies.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2016Review
- FCRL5 Delineates Functionally Impaired Memory B Cells Associated with Plasmodium falciparum Exposure.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Role of PD-1 co-inhibitory pathway in HIV infection and potential therapeutic options.Retrovirology · 2015Review
- Association of VH4-59 Antibody Variable Gene Usage with Recognition of an Immunodominant Epitope on the HIV-1 Gag Protein.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) induces defects of both cellular and humoral immune responses. Impaired CD4+ T cell help and B cell dysfunction may partially explain the low frequency of broadly neutralizing antibodies in HIV-infected individuals. To understand the extent of B cell dysfunction during HIV infection, we assessed the level of B cell activation at baseline and after stimulation with a variety of antigens. Increased levels of viremia were associated with higher baseline expression of the activation marker CD86 on B cells and with decreased ability of B cells to increase expression of CD86 after in vitro stimulation with inactivated HIV-1. In a series of cell isolation experiments B cell responses to antigen were enhanced in the presence of autologous CD4+ T cells. HIV infected individuals had a higher frequency of PD-1 expression on B cells compared to HIV- subjects and PD-1 blockade improved B cell responsiveness to HIV antigen, suggesting that inhibitory molecule expression during HIV-1 infection may contribute to some of the observed B cell defects. Our findings demonstrate that during chronic HIV infection, B cells are activated and lose full capacity to respond to antigen, but suppression of inhibitory pressures as well as a robust CD4+ T cell response may help preserve B cell function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.