Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24357458›Full record

ArticleNeuro-oncology2014

Sustained elevation of Snail promotes glial-mesenchymal transition after irradiation in malignant glioma.

Roshan Mahabir, Mishie Tanino, Aiman Elmansuri, Lei Wang, Taichi Kimura, Tamio Itoh, Yusuke Ohba, Hiroshi Nishihara, Hiroki Shirato, Masumi Tsuda and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuro-oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
115citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. PTPRN promotes glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the EMT pathway.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2025
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55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Roshan MahabirDepartment of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (R.M., M.T., A.E., T.K., M.T., S.T.); Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (L.W., H.N., S.T.); Department of Cell Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (Y.O.); Department of Radiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (H.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (T.I).
Mishie Tanino
Aiman Elmansuri
Lei Wang
Taichi Kimura
Tamio Itoh
Yusuke Ohba
Hiroshi Nishihara
Hiroki Shirato
Masumi Tsuda
Shinya Tanaka
Hokkaido University · JPNakamura Memorial Hospital · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIonizing irradiation is an effective treatment for malignant glioma (MG); however, a higher rate of recurrence with more aggressive phenotypes is a vital issue. Although epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in irradiation-induced cancer progression, the role for such phenotypic transition in MG remains unknown.

methodsTo investigate the mechanism of irradiation-dependent tumor progression in MG, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR using primary and recurrent MG specimens, MG cell lines, and primary culture cells of MG. siRNA technique was used for MG cell lines.

resultsIn 22 cases of clinically recurrent MG, the expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin and CD44 was found to be increased by IHC. In paired identical MG of 7 patients, the expression of collagen, MMPs, and YKL-40 were also elevated in the recurrent MGs, suggesting the The Cancer Genome Atlas-based mesenchymal subtype. Among EMT regulators, sustained elevation of Snail was observed in MG cells at 21 days after irradiation. Cells exhibited an upregulation of migration, invasion, numbers of focal adhesion, and MMP-2 production, and all of these mesenchymal features were abrogated by Snail knockdown. Intriguingly, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and GSK-3β were increased after irradiation in a Snail-dependent manner, and TGF-β was elevated in both fibroblasts and macrophages but not in MG cells after irradiation. It was noteworthy that irradiated cells also expressed stemness features such as SOX2 expression and tumor-forming potential in vivo.

conclusionsWe here propose a novel concept of glial-mesenchymal transition after irradiation in which the sustained Snail expression plays an essential role.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrain NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorDisease ProgressionEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionFemaleGliomaHumansMiceMice, Mutant StrainsSignal TransductionSnail Family Transcription FactorsTranscription FactorsSnail Family Transcription FactorsTranscription Factorsepithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)irradiationmalignant gliomaSnailThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)

Identifiers

PMID24357458
PMCPMC3984547
OpenAlexW2157985018

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.