Trial reportCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2014
Urinary 3,3'-diindolylmethane: a biomarker of glucobrassicin exposure and indole-3-carbinol uptake in humans.
Trial report in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of diindolylmethane for breast cancer biomarker modulation in patients taking tamoxifen.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Trial
- Harnessing the Power of Cruciferous Vegetables: Developing a Biomarker for Brassica Vegetable Consumption Using Urinary 3,3'-Diindolylmethane.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2016Trial
- Plant-based dietary biomarkers: from discovery to validation using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Heating conversion of indole-3-carbinol intoFood chemistry: X · 2024Article
- The Plant Derived 3-3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) Behaves as CBInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Current Knowledge and Challenges on the Development of a Dietary Glucosinolate Database in the United States.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Exhibits Significant Metabolism after Oral Dosing in Humans.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2021Article
- 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Enhances Paclitaxel Sensitivity by Suppressing DNMT1-Mediated KLF4 Methylation in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Indoles Derived From Glucobrassicin: Cancer Chemoprevention by Indole-3-Carbinol and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Identification and analysis of a mercapturic acid conjugate of indole-3-methyl isothiocyanate in the urine of humans who consumed cruciferous vegetables.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2018Article
- DNA-Methyltransferase 1 Induces Dedifferentiation of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Silencing of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Expression.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Article
- Chemopreventive properties of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in breast cancer: evidence from experimental and human studies.Nutrition reviews · 2016Review
- Research on cruciferous vegetables, indole-3-carbinol, and cancer prevention: A tribute to Lee W. Wattenberg.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2016Review
- 3,3'-diindolylmethane potentiates tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.Oncology letters · 2015Article
- Dietary Glucosinolates Sulforaphane, Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Indole-3-Carbinol/3,3'-Diindolylmethane: Anti-Oxidative Stress/Inflammation, Nrf2, Epigenetics/Epigenomics andCurrent pharmacology reports · 2015Article
- Intranasal delivery of liposomal indole-3-carbinol improves its pulmonary bioavailability.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBrassica vegetable consumption may confer a protective effect against cancer, possibly attributable to their glucosinolates. Glucobrassicin is a predominant glucosinolate and is the precursor of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound with anticancer effects. However, objective assessments of I3C uptake from Brassica vegetables have not been successful.
methodsWe conducted a randomized, crossover trial to test whether 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM, a metabolite of I3C) excreted in the urine after consumption of raw Brassica vegetables with divergent glucobrassicin concentrations is a marker of I3C uptake from such foods. Twenty-five subjects were fed 50 g of either raw "Jade Cross" Brussels sprouts (high glucobrassicin concentration) or "Blue Dynasty" cabbage (low glucobrassicin concentration) once daily for 3 days. All urine was collected for 24 hours after vegetable consumption each day. After a washout period, subjects crossed over to the alternate vegetable. Urinary DIM was measured using a novel liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (LC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM) method with [(2)H2]DIM as internal standard.
resultsUrinary DIM was consistently and significantly higher after Brussels sprouts feeding than after cabbage feeding, as evidenced by an average difference of 8.73 pmol/mg creatinine (95% confidence interval, 5.36-12.10; P = 0.00002).
conclusionWe have successfully quantified urinary DIM after uptake of I3C from food, and demonstrated that differences in glucobrassicin exposure are reflected in urinary DIM levels. IMPACT: Our LC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM method and the results of our study indicate urinary DIM is a measure of I3C uptake from Brassica vegetables, a finding that can be utilized in prospective epidemiologic and chemoprevention studies.
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