ArticleBMC public health2013
The oral health of heroin drug users: case study in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Article in BMC public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2020Pooled it
- Oral Health and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Inpatient Treatment for Heroin-Related Opioid Use Disorder.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- A Review of the Impact of Green Tea (Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Association Between Dental Caries and Unemployment Among U.S. Adults with a History of Illicit Drugs.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- A Pilot Study on the Deposition of Drugs in Dental Tissues as Alternative Matrices for Forensic Toxicology.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2025Article
- Oral manifestations in drug users: A review.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2020Review
- Route of Drug Abuse and its Impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Drug Addicts.Addiction & health · 2018Article
- The effect of methamphetamine abuse on dental caries and periodontal diseases in an Eastern China city.BMC oral health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInjection drug use is a major public health problem. Oral health problems and the appearance of dental disease among injection drug users (IDUs) are caused by their lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to examine the relations between socioeconomic factors, drug use, and oral hygiene habits on the oral health of heroin drug users.
methodsA cross-sectional survey on oral health was carried out as part of UNICEF's research on the biological and behaviours survey among injection drug users in Sarajevo, Banja Luka and Zenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A sample of 519 IDUs participated in the survey. Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) was used to obtain the sample. The data were obtained through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire related to socio-demographic characteristics, duration of drug injection, frequency of drug injection in the last month and oral health.
resultsOlder participants (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02 -1.10), part-time employment (OR = 3.57; 95% CI = 1.02 - 12.20) and unemployment (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.23 - 8.33) in comparison to full-time employment as the referent category, and longer duration of drug injection (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.003 - 1.12) were predictors of bad oral health. A higher level of education (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.39 - 0.79), more frequent tooth brushing (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.49 - 0.71), and regular dental checkups (OR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.42 - 7.67) were predictors of good oral health.
conclusionsSocioeconomic characteristics of IDUs as well as their lifestyles may contribute to oral health problems. Heroin drug users have specific dental needs, and programmes to improve their oral health should be an integral part of strategies to prevent addictions including treatments and harm reduction programmes.
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