ArticleClinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology2013
Decreased Expression of TLR-9 and Cytokines in the Presence of Bacteria in Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion.
Article in Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toll-Like Receptors: Expression and Roles in Otitis Media.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Lower Beclin-1 mRNA Levels in Pediatric Compared With Adult Patients With Otitis Media With Effusion.The journal of international advanced otology · 2018Article
- Expression, Distribution, and Role of C-Type Lectin Receptors in the Human and Animal Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Effect of Lead on Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells.BioMed research international · 2018Article
- Toll-like receptor-9 is involved in the development of B cell stimulating factor-induced systemic lupus erythematosus.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- Effect of Formaldehyde on Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells.BioMed research international · 2018Article
- Pro-inflammatory interleukins in middle ear effusions from atopic and non-atopic children with chronic otitis media with effusion.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2016Article
- Role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of otitis media.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2014Review
- Role of obesity in otitis media in children.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2014Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesToll-like receptor (TLR)-9 recognizes unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs in bacteria. Therefore, the expression of TLR-9 may differ according to the results of bacterial culture, and thus a change in proinflammatory cytokine induction can also be expected. The authors aimed to assess the differences and relationships between the expression of TLR-9, cytokines, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in otitis media with effusion (OME) based on bacterial culture results.
methodsSixty-eight patients with OME were divided into culture-positive and culture-negative groups based on middle ear culture results. mRNA expression of TLR-9, NOS, and cytokines was measured and analyzed.
resultsBacteria were detected in 38.2% of patients, and the distribution was as follows: coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.8%), Streptococcus pneumonia (5.9%), and Bacillus spp. and Haemophilus influenza combined (2.9%). There were no significant differences in epidemiologic characteristics according to the culture results. Down-regulation of TLR-9 was observed in the culture-positive group (P=0.019). Cytokines including interleukin (IL)-12 (r=-0.582), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (r=-0.569), interferon (IFN)-γ (r=-0.442), IL-6 (r=-0.395) and inducible NOS (r=-0.256) tended to decrease with the detection of bacteria.
conclusionThe expression of TLR-9 significantly decreased in OME with confirmed bacterial pathogens. IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-6 expression tended to decrease with the detection of bacteria. The presence of bacterial pathogens in OME may be related to abnormalities in the innate immune system.
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