ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2014
Clinical significance of early smoking withdrawal effects and their relationships with nicotine metabolism: preliminary results from a pilot study.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking cessation for improving mental health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Behavioural tasks sensitive to acute abstinence and predictive of smoking cessation success: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Pooled it
- The Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Response to Smoking Cessation Treatment Among People Living with HIV Who Smoke in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Characterizing nicotine withdrawal in smokers experiencing homelessness.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Trial
- Does menthol cigarette use moderate the effect of nicotine metabolism on short-term smoking cessation?Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- What a difference a day makes: differences in initial abstinence response during a smoking cessation attempt.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Trial
- Predictors of nicotine withdrawal symptoms: findings from the first randomized smoking cessation trial in a low-income country setting.International journal of public health · 2016Trial
- New Insights in the Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System and Natural Cannabinoids in Nicotine Dependence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Factors Predicting 6-Month Smoking Cessation in Korean Adults.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2020Article
- Brief Report: Rate of Nicotine Metabolism and Tobacco Use Among Persons With HIV: Implications for Treatment and Research.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Characterising the nicotine metabolite ratio and its association with treatment choice: A cross sectional analysis of Stop Smoking Services in England.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR) Prospectively Predicts Smoking Relapse: Longitudinal Findings From ITC Surveys in Five Countries.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Momentary Associations Between Reported Craving and Valuing Health in Daily Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- A Novel Tobacco Use Phenotype Suggests the 15q25 and 19q13 Loci May be Differentially Associated With Cigarettes per Day and Tobacco-Related Problems.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Precision Medicine for Tobacco Dependence: Development and Validation of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2016Review
- Tobacco Withdrawal Amongst African American, Hispanic, and White Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAlthough the early time course of smoking withdrawal effects has been characterized, the clinical significance of early withdrawal symptoms and their predictors are unknown. This study evaluated the relationships of early smoking withdrawal effects with quit attempt outcomes and the rate of nicotine metabolism.
methodsEleven treatment-seeking smokers abstained from smoking for 4 hr in the laboratory before a quit attempt. Withdrawal measures included heart rate, sustained attention, and self-report. Following baseline assessment, withdrawal measures were administered every 30 min. At the conclusion of the 4-hr early withdrawal session, participants received a brief smoking cessation intervention and then returned 1 week and 12 weeks later for outcome assessments that included biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence, cigarettes smoked in the past 24hr, and self-reported withdrawal symptoms. The rate of nicotine metabolism was estimated at intake with the nicotine metabolite ratio (trans-3'-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) measured in saliva.
resultsGreater self-reported negative affect and concentration difficulty during early withdrawal, most notably anxiety, were related with poorer quit attempt outcomes. There was some indication that although a faster increase in craving and greater hunger during early withdrawal were associated with more favorable outcomes, a greater decrease in heart rate during this time was associated with poorer outcomes. Faster nicotine metabolism was related to a faster increase in anxiety but a slower increase in craving during early withdrawal.
conclusionsThese findings lend support to the clinical significance of early smoking withdrawal effects. The rate of nicotine metabolism may be a useful predictor of early withdrawal symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.