ArticleBrain structure & function2015
Effects of chronic HIV-1 Tat exposure in the CNS: heightened vulnerability of males versus females to changes in cell numbers, synaptic integrity, and behavior.
Article in Brain structure & function, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1 Tat expression drives progressive synaptic decline: evidence from longitudinal [NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Roles of HIV-1 Tat: A Review of Recent Evidence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- HIV-1 Tat protein alters medial prefrontal cortex neuronal activity and recognition memory.iScience · 2025Article
- Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and substance use disorders.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Sex related differences in cognitive deficits: Disrupted Arc/Arg3.1 signaling in an HIV model.Neuroscience letters · 2025Article
- Article
- Acute Effects of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor ABX1431 on Neuronal Hyperexcitability, Nociception, Locomotion, and the Endocannabinoid System in HIV-1 Tat Male Mice.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Article
- Levetiracetam Prevents Neurophysiological Changes and Preserves Cognitive Function in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Transactivator of Transcription Transgenic Mouse Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Tat and morphine interactions dynamically shift striatal monoamine levels and exploratory behaviors over time.Journal of neurochemistry · 2024Article
- A helping HAND: therapeutic potential of MAGL inhibition against HIV-1-associated neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Effects of acute ΔBrain research · 2024Article
- Progressive Degeneration and Adaptive Excitability in Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor-Expressing Striatal Neurons Exposed to HIV-1 Tat and Morphine.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- HIV Tat Expression and Cocaine Exposure Lead to Sex- and Age-Specific Changes of the Microbiota Composition in the Gut.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Persistent sensory changes and sex differences in transgenic mice conditionally expressing HIV-1 Tat regulatory protein.Experimental neurology · 2022Article
- HIV-1 Tat reduces apical dendritic spine density throughout the trisynaptic pathway in the hippocampus of male transgenic mice.Neuroscience letters · 2022Article
- Article
- Neurodegeneration Within the Amygdala Is Differentially Induced by Opioid and HIV-1 Tat Exposure.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ameliorates HIV-associated neurology and neuropathology.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-associated damage to the central nervous system results in cognitive and motor deficits. Anti-retroviral therapies reduce the severity of symptoms, yet the proportion of patients affected has remained the same or increased. Although approximately half of HIV-infected patients worldwide are women, the question of whether biological sex influences outcomes of HIV infection has received little attention. We explored this question for both behavioral and cellular/morphologic endpoints, using a transgenic mouse that inducibly expresses HIV-1 Tat in the brain. After 3 months of HIV-1 Tat exposure, both sexes showed similar reduced open field ambulation. Male Tat(+) mice also showed reduced forelimb grip strength and enhanced anxiety in a light-dark box assay. Tat(+) males did not improve over 12 weeks of repeated rotarod testing, indicating a motor memory deficit. Male mice also had more cellular deficits in the striatum. Neither sex showed a change in volume or total neuron numbers. Both had equally reduced oligodendroglial populations and equivalent microglial increases. However, astrogliosis and microglial nitrosative stress were higher in males. Dendrites on medium spiny neurons in male Tat(+) mice had fewer spines, and levels of excitatory and inhibitory pre- and post-synaptic proteins were disrupted. Our results predict sex as a determinant of HIV effects in brain. Increased behavioral deficits in males correlated with glial activation and synaptic damage, both of which are implicated in cognitive/motor impairments in patients. Tat produced by residually infected cells despite antiretroviral therapy may be an important determinant of the synaptodendritic instability and behavioral deficits accompanying chronic infection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.