ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2013
Smoking and pregnancy--a review on the first major environmental risk factor of the unborn.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Panic disorder during pregnancy and the first three years after delivery: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Perceived racism or racial discrimination and the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes: a systematic review.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicinaPooled it
- Do nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics improve the prediction of pregnancy-related disorders? Findings from a UK birth cohort with independent validation.BMC medicine · 2020Trial
- Smoke-Free Moms: Financial Rewards for Smoking Cessation by Low-Income Rural Pregnant Women.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Trial
- Associations of Maternal Urinary Cadmium with Trimester-Specific Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: Role of Dietary Intake of Micronutrients.Biological trace element research · 2016Trial
- Oxidative Stress-Related Metabolomic Alterations in Pregnancy: Evidence from Exposure to Air Pollution, Metals/Metalloid, and Tobacco Smoke.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Type of Social Support for Smoking Cessation Among Low-Income Postpartum Women.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Perceived and internalized smoking stigma among pregnant women: association with smoking reduction, reactance to smoking health warnings, and intention to discuss smoking with health professionals.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- A Retrospective Observational Study on Post-Pandemic Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors on Prematurity in Pregnant Women Under 18 Years of Age.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring Greek midwives' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in perinatal smoking: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- A comparative analysis of smoking status among the Roma and the general population during pregnancy: The critical role of midwives in smoking cessation.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Article
- Maternal gestational hypertension, smoking and pre-eclampsia are associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight offspring.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Gestational Weight Gain Among Urban and Rural Pregnant Individuals Who Smoke or Quit Smoking.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy and Child Neurocognitive Development.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Trend and disparities for smoking during pregnancy in the extreme south of Brazil between 2007 and 2019.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking cigarettes throughout pregnancy is one of the single most important avoidable causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and it represents the first major environmental risk of the unborn. If compared with other risk factors in the perinatal period, exposure to tobacco smoke is considered to be amongst the most harmful and it is associated with high rates of long and short term morbidity and mortality for mother and child. A variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked with cigarette consumption before and during pregnancy. Maternal prenatal cigarette smoke disturbs the equilibrium among the oxidant and antioxidant system, has negative impact on the genetic and cellular level of both mother and fetus and causes a large quantity of diseases in the unborn child. These smoking-induced damages for the unborn offspring manifest themselves at various times in life and for most only a very limited range of causal treatment exists. Education, support and assistance are of high importance to decrease maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, as there are few other avoidable factors which influence a child's health that profoundly throughout its life. It is imperative that smoking control should be seen as a public health priority.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.