ArticleJournal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS2013
Individually ventilated cages impose cold stress on laboratory mice: a source of systemic experimental variability.
Article in Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Thermoregulatory adaptations to cold in C3H/HeJ mice are independent of ADRB3 signaling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Thermoneutral environment improves mouse welfare and reduces stress in metabolic cages.Lab animal · 2025Article
- Risk factors for barbering in laboratory mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement in Adult Female C57BL/6NCrl Mice: A Comparison with Rectal Probe and Subcutaneous Transponder.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of housing conditions on stress, depressive like behavior and sensory-motor performances of C57BL/6 mice.Laboratory animal research · 2024Article
- A Review of the Effects of Some Extrinsic Factors on Mice Used in Research.Comparative medicine · 2023Review
- Brown adipose tissue: can it keep us slim? A discussion of the evidence for and against the existence of diet-induced thermogenesis in mice and men.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Experimental Models to Study End-Organ Morbidity in Sleep Apnea: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Identification of Rodent Husbandry Refinement Opportunities through Benchmarking and Collaboration.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2022Article
- Review
- Spexin modulates molecular thermogenic profile of adipose tissue and thermoregulatory behaviors in female C57BL/6 mice.Hormones and behavior · 2022Article
- What's wrong with my experiment?: The impact of hidden variables on neuropsychopharmacology research.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Environmental Enrichment for Rats and Mice Housed in Laboratories: A Metareview.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Evaluation of Various IVC Systems According to Mouse Reproductive Performance and Husbandry and Environmental Parameters.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2022Article
- Mouse breeding facilities in Argentina: Current state, challenges, and strengths in relation to animal welfare.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- 'Invisible actors'-How poor methodology reporting compromises mouse models of oncology: A cross-sectional survey.PloS one · 2022Article
- Social Buffering as a Tool for Improving Rodent Welfare.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2022Article
- Effects of Daytime Blue-Enriched LED Light on Physiologic Parameters of Three Common Mouse Strains Maintained on an IVC System.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2021Article
- Developmental exposure to DDT or DDE alters sympathetic innervation of brown adipose in adult female mice.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Individual ventilated cages (IVC) are increasing in popularity. Although mice avoid IVC in preference testing, they show no aversion when provided additional nesting material or the cage is not ventilated. Given the high ventilation rate in IVC, we developed 3 hypotheses: that mice housed in IVC experience more cold stress than do mice housed in static cages; that IVC-induced cold stress affects the results of experiments using mice; and that, when provided shelters, mice behaviorally thermoregulate and thereby rescue the cold-stress effects of IVC. To test these hypotheses, we housed mice in IVC, IVC with shelters, and static cages maintained at 20 to 21 °C. We quantified the cold stress of each housing system on mice by assessing nonshivering thermogenesis and brown adipose vacuolation. To test housing effects in a common, murine model of human disease, we implanted mice with subcutaneous epidermoid carcinoma cells and quantified tumor growth, tumor metabolism, and adrenal weight. Mice housed in IVC had histologic signs of cold stress and significantly higher nonshivering thermogenesis, smaller subcutaneous tumors, lower tumor metabolism, and larger adrenal weights than did mice in static cages. Shelters rescued IVC-induced nonshivering thermogenesis, adrenal enlargement, and phenotype-dependent cold-mediated histologic changes in brown adipose tissue and tumor size. IVC impose chronic cold stress on mice, alter experimental results, and are a source of systemic confounders throughout rodent-dependent research. Allowing mice to exhibit behavioral thermoregulation through seeking shelter markedly rescues the experiment-altering effects of housing-imposed cold stress, improves physiologic uniformity, and increases experimental reproducibility across housing systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24351762PMC3838608What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.