Trial reportThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2013
Prevalence of treatment-resistant depression in primary care: cross-sectional data.
Trial report in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05811104 (Accelerated High-dose Sequential Bilateral Theta Burst Stimulation for Treatment Resistant Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Accelerated High-dose Sequential Bilateral Theta Burst Stimulation for Treatment Resistant Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Sham-controlled Pilot Study
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of predictors and moderators of treatment response in psychological interventions for persisting forms of depression.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Stanford neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Predicting treatment response using EEG in major depressive disorder: A machine-learning meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2022Pooled it
- Recovering from depression with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for treatment-resistant depression in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Trajectory of response to esketamine nasal spray for treatment resistant depression: Findings from ESCAPE-TRD.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Preliminary Evidence for Sociotropy and Autonomy in Relation to Antidepressant Treatment Outcome.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2021Trial
- Mirtazapine added to SSRIs or SNRIs for treatment resistant depression in primary care: phase III randomised placebo controlled trial (MIR).BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Trial
- Management of treatment-resistant depression in primary care: a mixed-methods study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2018Trial
- Trial
- The trials of translating psilocybin treatment from research to practice.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- A Critical Review of Longitudinal DNA Methylomic Changes Associated with Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Transforming treatment-resistant depression (TRD) care in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: a narrative review of emerging therapies, advancements, and implementation barriers.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Review
- Beyond depression symptoms: the default mode network as a predictor of antidepressant response.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Data driven versus standard practice policies for personalized antidepressant treatment: a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Venlafaxine and Deep Brain Stimulation Against the Effects of Hippocampal Lesion with Ibotenic Acid in Animals Exposed to the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Distinct genetic responses to fluoxetine sertraline and citalopram in mouse cortical neurons.iScience · 2025Article
- Circuit-Based Approaches to Understanding the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC).The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntidepressants are often the first-line treatment for depression in primary care. However, not all patients respond to medication after an adequate dose and duration of treatment. Currently, there are no estimates of the prevalence of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) from UK primary care.
aimTo estimate the prevalence of TRD in UK primary care. Design and setting Data were collected as part of a multicentre randomised controlled trial, from 73 general practices in UK primary care.
methodPotential participants (aged 18-75 years who had received repeated prescriptions for antidepressants) were identified from general practice records. Those who agreed to be contacted were mailed a questionnaire that included questions on depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-II]), and adherence to antidepressants. Those who scored ≥14 on the BDI-II and had taken antidepressants for at least 6 weeks at an adequate dose were defined as treatment resistant.
resultsA total of 2439 patients completed the questionnaire (84% of those who agreed to be contacted), of whom 2129 had been prescribed an adequate dose of antidepressants for at least 6 weeks. Seventy-seven per cent (95% CI = 75% to 79%) had a BDI score of ≥14. Fifty-five per cent (95% CI = 53% to 58%) (n = 1177) met the study's definition of TRD, of whom 67% had taken their antidepressants for more than 12 months.
conclusionThe high prevalence of TRD is an important challenge facing clinicians in UK primary care. A more proactive approach to managing this patient population is required to improve outcome.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.