ReviewBioMed research international2013
Pattern recognition receptors and cytokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection--the double-edged sword?
Review in BioMed research international, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin-6 fromMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome disruption in Tanzanian pulmonary tuberculosis patients: links to treatment, nutritional status, and host immunity.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Impact of L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation on macrophage responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Novel Multistage SubunitVaccines · 2025Article
- Stopping Tuberculosis at the Gate: The Role ofVaccines · 2025Review
- The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Comorbidity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Tuberculosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring host-pathogen interactions in the Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection model of tuberculosis.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Review
- Unveiling insights into bovine tuberculosis: A comprehensive review.Open veterinary journal · 2024Review
- Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV.Journal of immunology research · 2024Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its clever approaches to escape the deadly macrophage.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Review
- CLEC4A and CLEC12B C-type lectin receptors mediate interactions withJournal of medical microbiology · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and estrogen steroid hormones and their immunogenetic roles in Infectious respiratory (TB and COVID-19) diseases.Genetics and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Role of MHC class I pathways inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play duringPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Up-regulated SAMD9L modulated by TLR2 and HIF-1α as a promising biomarker in tuberculosis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Recombinant Human Lactoferrin Reduces Inflammation and Increases Fluoroquinolone Penetration to Primary Granulomas During Mycobacterial Infection of C57Bl/6 Mice.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2022Article
- The Role of TLR2 in Infectious Diseases Caused by Mycobacteria: From Cell Biology to Therapeutic Target.Biology · 2022Review
- Emerging advances in identifying signal transmission molecules involved in the interaction betweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major cause of human death worldwide. Innate immunity provides host defense against Mtb. Phagocytosis, characterized by recognition of Mtb by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), is the first step of the innate immune defense mechanism. The recognition of Mtb is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed on innate immune cells, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement receptors, nucleotide oligomerization domain like receptors, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), mannose receptors, CD14 receptors, scavenger receptors, and FCγ receptors. Interaction of mycobacterial ligands with PRRs leads macrophages and DCs to secrete selected cytokines, which in turn induce interferon-γ- (IFNγ-) dominated immunity. IFNγ and other cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) regulate mycobacterial growth, granuloma formation, and initiation of the adaptive immune response to Mtb and finally provide protection to the host. However, Mtb can evade destruction by antimicrobial defense mechanisms of the innate immune system as some components of the system may promote survival of the bacteria in these cells and facilitate pathogenesis. Thus, although innate immunity components generally play a protective role against Mtb, they may also facilitate Mtb survival. The involvement of selected PRRs and cytokines on these seemingly contradictory roles is discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.