ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2013
Polyfunctional T cell responses in children in early stages of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection contrast with monofunctional responses of long-term infected adults.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- T cells responding to Trypanosoma cruzi detected by membrane TNF-α and CD154 in chagasic patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2018Trial
- Distinct Treatment Outcomes of Antiparasitic Therapy inFrontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Review
- In Silico Design and Evaluation of TcGAPDH as a Vaccine Against Chagas Disease: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Protective immunity against Chagas disease induced by a superantigen-based chimeric DNA vaccine delivered by attenuatedFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic methods for protozoan diseases: a review focused on leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and malaria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The importance of persistence and dormancy in Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease.Current opinion in microbiology · 2025Review
- Galectin-8 deficiency promotes chronic splenomegaly persistence in Chagas disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Apoptosis: A Key Process ThatJournal of parasitology research · 2025Review
- Increased Natural Killer (NK)-cell cytotoxicity and Trypanosoma cruzi-specific memory B cells in subjects with discordant serology for Chagas disease.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2024Article
- Chagas disease in immunocompromised patients.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Hydatid fluid fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Signatures of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- B-Cell Responses in Chronic Chagas Disease: Waning of Trypanosoma cruzi-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cells Following Successful Etiological Treatment.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Heterologous mRNA-protein vaccination with Tc24 induces a robust cellular immune response againstCurrent research in immunology · 2023Article
- Chagasic cardiomyopathy is marked by a unique signature of activated CD4Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Role of the Complement System in the Modulation of T-Cell Responses in Chronic Chagas Disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Immune exhaustion in chronic Chagas disease: Pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action of IL-27 in vitro.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- High variation in immune responses and parasite phenotypes in naturally acquired Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a captive non-human primate breeding colony in Texas, USA.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Host-parasite dynamics in Chagas disease from systemic to hyper-local scales.Parasite immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdults with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi exhibit a poorly functional T cell compartment, characterized by monofunctional (IFN-γ-only secreting) parasite-specific T cells and increased levels of terminally differentiated T cells. It is possible that persistent infection and/or sustained exposure to parasites antigens may lead to a progressive loss of function of the immune T cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsTo test this hypothesis, the quality and magnitude of T. cruzi-specific T cell responses were evaluated in T. cruzi-infected children and compared with long-term T. cruzi-infected adults with no evidence of heart failure. The phenotype of CD4(+) T cells was also assessed in T. cruzi-infected children and uninfected controls. Simultaneous secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 measured by ELISPOT assays in response to T. cruzi antigens was prevalent among T. cruzi-infected children. Flow cytometric analysis of co-expression profiles of CD4(+) T cells with the ability to produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, or to express the co-stimulatory molecule CD154 in response to T. cruzi showed polyfunctional T cell responses in most T. cruzi-infected children. Monofunctional T cell responses and an absence of CD4(+)TNF-α(+)-secreting T cells were observed in T. cruzi-infected adults. A relatively high degree of activation and differentiation of CD4(+) T cells was evident in T. cruzi-infected children. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our observations are compatible with our initial hypothesis that persistent T. cruzi infection promotes eventual exhaustion of immune system, which might contribute to disease progression in long-term infected subjects.
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